INSTALL(8)              NetBSD System Manager's Manual              INSTALL(8)

NAME
     INSTALL -- Installation procedure for NetBSD/sgimips.

CONTENTS
      About this Document............................................2
      What is NetBSD?................................................2
      Changes Between The NetBSD 2.0 and 3.0 Releases................3
         Kernel......................................................3
         Networking..................................................3
         File system.................................................3
         Security....................................................3
         System administration and user tools........................3
         Miscellaneous...............................................3
         sgimips specific............................................4
      The Future of NetBSD...........................................4
      Sources of NetBSD..............................................4
      NetBSD 4.99.19 Release Contents................................4
         NetBSD/sgimips subdirectory structure.......................6
         Binary distribution sets....................................6
      NetBSD/sgimips System Requirements and Supported Devices.......8
         Supported machines..........................................8
         Unsupported machines........................................8
         Supported devices...........................................8
         Unsupported devices.........................................9
      Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media...................9
      Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................10
      Installing the NetBSD System..................................11
         Install via a bootable CD-ROM..............................12
         Installation for diskless configurations...................12
         Installation to local disk from the network................13
         Once you've booted the diskimage...........................13
         Running the sysinst installation program...................13
            Introduction............................................13
            General.................................................13
            Quick install...........................................14
            Booting NetBSD..........................................15
            Network configuration...................................15
            Installation drive selection and parameters.............15
            Partitioning the disk...................................15
            Preparing your hard disk................................16
            Getting the distribution sets...........................16
            Installation using ftp..................................16
            Installation using NFS..................................17
            Installation from CD-ROM................................17
            Installation from an unmounted file system..............17
            Installation from a local directory.....................17
            Extracting the distribution sets........................17
            Finalizing your installation............................18
      Post installation steps.......................................18
      Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................20
      Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............21
         Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.6................21
      Using online NetBSD documentation.............................22
      Administrivia.................................................22
      Thanks go to..................................................23
      We are........................................................25
      Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................31
      The End.......................................................37

DESCRIPTION
   About this Document
     This document describes the installation procedure for NetBSD 4.99.19 on
     the sgimips platform.  It is available in four different formats titled
     INSTALL.ext, where .ext is one of .ps, .html, .more, or .txt:

           .ps     PostScript.

           .html   Standard Internet HTML.

           .more   The enhanced text format used on UNIX-like systems by the
                   more(1) and less(1) pager utility programs.  This is the
                   format in which the on-line man pages are generally pre-
                   sented.

           .txt    Plain old ASCII.

     You are reading the ASCII version.

   What is NetBSD?
     The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like
     operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Net-
     working Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources.  NetBSD
     runs on fifty four different system architectures (ports), featuring sev-
     enteen machine architectures across fifteen distinct CPU families, and is
     being ported to more.  The NetBSD 4.99.19 release contains complete
     binary releases for many different system architectures.  (A few ports
     are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary
     distribution.  For information on them, please see the NetBSD web site at
     .: http://www.NetBSD.org/)

     NetBSD is a completely integrated system.  In addition to its highly por-
     table, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user
     utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall
     software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.

     NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community.  Without
     the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's
     likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist.

   Changes Between The NetBSD 2.0 and 3.0 Releases
     The NetBSD 3.0 release provides numerous significant functional enhance-
     ments, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of
     bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhance-
     ments.  The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit
     for production use that rivals most commercially available systems.

     It is impossible to completely summarize a year of development that went
     into the NetBSD 4.99.19 release.  Some highlights include:

     Kernel

     o   Ports to new platforms including: iyonix and Xen 2.0.

     Networking

     o   TCP now supports TCP Selective Acknowledgement Options (RFC 2018) for
         enhanced performance especially on long distance connections and TCP
         MD5 signatures (RFC 2385) for enhanced protection agains attacks.

     o   The OpenBSD Packet Filter has been integrated as alternative packet
         filer solution.

     o   IP Filter has been upgraded to version 4.1.8.

     o   The KAME IPsec stack now support ESP over NAT connections (RFC 3948).

     o   ipsec-tools 0.6.2 provides IKE support for ESP over NAT connections
         (RFC 3947), user authentification via XAuth and automatic network
         configurations of VPN clients via Mode Config.

     File system

     o   UFS_DIRHASH

     Security

     o   TBD

     System administration and user tools

     o   TBD

     Miscellaneous

     o   TBD
               -   am-utils 6-1-20050417
               -   BIND 9.3.0
               -   cvs 1.11.20
               -   OpenSSH 3.9
               -   OpenSSL 0.9.7d
               -   Postfix 2.1.5
               -   sendmail 8.13.3
               -   tcpdump 3.8.3
               -   XFree86 4.5.0

     o   Many new packages in the pkgsrc system, including the latest open
         source desktop KDE3, OpenOffice, perl, Apache and many more.  At the
         time of writing, there are over 5400 third party packages available
         in pkgsrc.

     Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems and
     device drivers are shared among the different ports.  You can look for
     this trend to continue.

     sgimips specific

     This is the first major release of NetBSD for the sgimips platform.

   The Future of NetBSD
     The NetBSD Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit organization.
     Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange of com-
     puter software, namely the NetBSD Operating System.  The foundation will
     allow for many things to be handled more smoothly than could be done with
     our previous informal organization.  In particular, it provides the
     framework to deal with other parties that wish to become involved in the
     NetBSD Project.

     The NetBSD Foundation will help improve the quality of NetBSD by:

     o   providing better organization to keep track of development efforts,
         including co-ordination with groups working in related fields.

     o   providing a framework to receive donations of goods and services and
         to own the resources necessary to run the NetBSD Project.

     o   providing a better position from which to undertake promotional
         activities.

     o   periodically organizing workshops for developers and other interested
         people to discuss ongoing work.

     We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases.  Our ambi-
     tion is to provide a full release every six to eight months.

     We hope to support even more hardware in the future, and we have a rather
     large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve NetBSD.

     We intend to continue our current practice of making the NetBSD-current
     development source available on a daily basis.

     We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources sub-
     mit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the
     usability of the system.

     Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be
     responsive to the needs and desires of NetBSD users, because it is for
     and because of them that NetBSD exists.

   Sources of NetBSD
     Refer to .:
           http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/

   NetBSD 4.99.19 Release Contents
     The root directory of the NetBSD 4.99.19 release is organized as follows:

     .../NetBSD-4.99.19/

     CHANGES       Changes since earlier NetBSD releases.

     LAST_MINUTE   Last minute changes.

     MIRRORS       A list of sites that mirror the NetBSD 4.99.19 distribu-
                   tion.

     README.files  README describing the distribution's contents.

     TODO          NetBSD's todo list (also somewhat incomplete and out of
                   date).

     patches/      Post-release source code patches.

     source/       Source distribution sets; see below.

     In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one
     directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which
     NetBSD 4.99.19 has a binary distribution.

     The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the source
     subdirectory of the distribution tree.  They contain the complete sources
     to the system.  The source distribution sets are as follows:

     gnusrc    This set contains the ``gnu'' sources, including the source for
               the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in
               the binary distribution sets.
               79 MB gzipped, 367 MB uncompressed

     pkgsrc    This set contains the ``pkgsrc'' sources, which contain the in-
               frastructure to build third-party packages.
               24 MB gzipped, 200 MB uncompressed

     sharesrc  This set contains the ``share'' sources, which include the
               sources for the man pages not associated with any particular
               program; the sources for the typesettable document set; the
               dictionaries; and more.
               5 MB gzipped, 20 MB uncompressed

     src       This set contains all of the base NetBSD 4.99.19 sources which
               are not in gnusrc, sharesrc, or syssrc.
               37 MB gzipped, 176 MB uncompressed

     syssrc    This set contains the sources to the NetBSD 4.99.19 kernel for
               all architectures; config(1); and dbsym(8).
               26 MB gzipped, 140 MB uncompressed

     xsrc      This set contains the sources to the X Window System.
               84 MB gzipped, 450 MB uncompressed

     All the above source sets are located in the source/sets subdirectory of
     the distribution tree.

     The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.  Except for the
     pkgsrc set, which is traditionally unpacked into /usr/pkgsrc, all sets
     may be unpacked into /usr/src with the command:
           # cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.tgz

     In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which
     contain the checksums of the files in the directory:

           BSDSUM   Historic BSD checksums for the various files in that
                    directory, in the format produced by the command:
                    cksum -o 1 file.

           CKSUM    POSIX checksums for the various files in that directory,
                    in the format produced by the command:
                    cksum file.

           MD5      MD5 digests for the various files in that directory, in
                    the format produced by the command:
                    cksum -m file.

           SYSVSUM  Historic ATT System V UNIX checksums for the various files
                    in that directory, in the format produced by the command:
                    cksum -o 2 file.

     The MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX checksum.
     The other two checksums are provided only to ensure that the widest pos-
     sible range of system can check the integrity of the release files.

     NetBSD/sgimips subdirectory structure

     The sgimips-specific portion of the NetBSD 4.99.19 release is found in
     the sgimips subdirectory of the distribution:
     .../NetBSD-4.99.19/sgimips/.  It contains the following files and direc-
     tories:

     INSTALL.html
     INSTALL.ps
     INSTALL.txt
     INSTALL.more  Installation notes in various file formats, including this
                   file.  The .more file contains underlined text using the
                   more(1) conventions for indicating italic and bold display.
     binary/
                   kernel/
                            netbsd-GENERIC_INDY.gz
                                       A kernel suitable for booting on Indy,
                                       Indigo 2 and similar machines.
                            netbsd.ecoff-GENERIC_INDY.gz
                                       GENERIC_INDY targeted for being
                                       bootable on older Indigo 2 and possibly
                                       Indy machines with PROMs that do not
                                       understand the ELF binary format.
                   sets/    sgimips binary distribution sets; see below.
     installation/
                   netboot/
                            NFS-root images

     Binary distribution sets

     The NetBSD sgimips binary distribution sets contain the binaries which
     comprise the NetBSD 4.99.19 release for the sgimips.  The binary distri-
     bution sets can be found in the sgimips/binary/sets subdirectory of the
     NetBSD 4.99.19 distribution tree, and are as follows:

     base     The NetBSD 4.99.19 sgimips base binary distribution.  You must
              install this distribution set.  It contains the base NetBSD
              utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be mini-
              mally functional.  It includes shared library support, and
              excludes everything described below.
              20 MB gzipped, 72 MB uncompressed

     comp     Things needed for compiling programs.  This set includes the
              system include files (/usr/include) and the various system
              libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as
              part of the base set).  This set also includes the manual pages
              for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call
              and library manual pages.
              21 MB gzipped, 88 MB uncompressed

     etc      This distribution set contains the system configuration files
              that reside in /etc and in several other places.  This set must
              be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but
              should not be used if you are upgrading.
              1 MB gzipped, 1 MB uncompressed

     games    This set includes the games and their manual pages.
              4 MB gzipped, 9 MB uncompressed

     kern-GENERIC_INDY
              This set contains a NetBSD/sgimips 4.99.19 GENERIC_INDY kernel
              (for Indy, Indigo 2 and Challenge S/M machines), named /netbsd.
              This set also contains an ECOFF kernel named /netbsd.ecoff that
              your system may need to boot.  You must install this distribu-
              tion set.
              3 MB gzipped, 7                    MB uncompressed

     man      This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and
              other software contained in the base set.  Note that it does not
              include any of the manual pages that are included in the other
              sets.
              8 MB gzipped, 30 MB uncompressed

     misc     This set includes the (rather large) system dictionaries, the
              typesettable document set, and other files from /usr/share.
              3 MB gzipped, 9 MB uncompressed

     text     This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools, including
              groff(1), all related programs, and their manual pages.
              3 MB gzipped, 9 MB uncompressed

     NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order
     to assure tight integration and compatibility.  These sources are based
     on XFree86, and tightly track XFree86 releases.  They are currently
     equivalent to XFree86 4.4.0.  Binary sets for the X Window System are
     distributed with NetBSD.  The sets are:

     xbase    The basic files needed for a complete X client environment.
              This does not include the X servers.
              7 MB gzipped, 24 MB uncompressed

     xcomp    The extra libraries and include files needed to compile X source
              code.
              10 MB gzipped, 40 MB uncompressed

     xfont    Fonts needed by the X server and by X clients.
              31 MB gzipped, 39 MB uncompressed

     xetc     Configuration files for X which could be locally modified.
              0.03 MB gzipped, 0.17 MB uncompressed

     xserver  The X server.
              11 MB gzipped, 37 MB uncompressed

     The sgimips binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files
     named with the extension .tgz, e.g.  base.tgz.

     The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally well
     for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that method,
     the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore the files are
     extracted below the current directory.  Therefore, if you want to extract
     the binaries into your system, i.e.  replace the system binaries with
     them, you have to run the tar -xpf command from the root directory ( / )
     of your system.  This utility is used only in a Traditional method
     installation.

     The following are included in the sgimips/installation directory:

     diskimage/

                 diskimage.gz   FFS disk image of the installation filesystem.

     netboot/

                 diskimage.tgz  Minimal file set necessary for NFS-root
                                installations; to be extracted on the NFS
                                server.

     The following are included in the sgimips/binary/kernel directory:

     netbsd.ecoff-GENERIC_INDY.gz    An ECOFF version of the GENERIC_INDY ker-
                                     nel (gzipped).  This kernel can be used
                                     when booting machines whose PROMs do not
                                     understand the ELF binary format.

     netbsd-INDY_INSTALL.gz          A gzipped INDY_INSTALL kernel, which
                                     includes an embedded ramdisk with the
                                     installation tools.

     netbsd-INDY_INSTALL.ecoff.gz    An ECOFF version of the
                                     netbsd-INDY_INSTALL kernel (also
                                     gzipped).

     netbsd-INDY_INSTALL.symbols.gz  Symbols for netbsd-INDY_INSTALL.gz.

     Note:  Each directory in the sgimips binary distribution also has its own
            checksum files, just as the source distribution does.

   NetBSD/sgimips System Requirements and Supported Devices
     NetBSD/sgimips is aimed to run on MIPS-based computers manufactured by
     SGI.

     Supported machines

           o   IP12 R3000 - Indigo, Personal Iris 4D/30, Personal Iris 4D/35

           o   IP20 R4000/R4400 - Indigo

           o   IP22 R4000/R4400/R4600 - Challenge M, Challenge S, Indigo 2 and
               Indy

           o   IP22 R5000 - Challenge S, Indy

           o   IP32 R5000 - O2

           o   IP32 R10000 - O2

     Unsupported machines

           o   IP19 R4000 - Challenge Onyx

           o   IP21 R8000 - Power Challenge / Power Onyx

           o   IP25 R10000 - Power Challenge 10000 / Power Onyx 10000

           o   IP26 R8000 - Indigo 2 R8000

           o   IP27 R10000/R12000 - O200 / Origin 2000 / Onyx2

           o   IP28 R10000 - Indigo 2 R10000

           o   IP30 R10000/R12000 - Octane

           o   IP35 R12000A - Origin 3000 / Onyx 3000

     Supported devices

           o   Serial ports
               -   On-board Zilog Z8530 Dual Uart (IP12, IP20, IP22/24)
                   (ttyz),
               -   On-board 16C550 Serial ports (IP32).  (ttyC).

           o   Ethernet
               -   On-board SGI Seeq 80c03 ethernet controller (IP12, IP20,
                   IP22/24) (sq),
               -   Phobos G100/G130/G160 Fast Ethernet adapters (IP20,
                   IP22/IP24) (tlp),
               -   On-board MACE Ethernet controller (IP32) (mec),
               -   Most PCI Ethernet controllers (IP32)

           o   SCSI
               -   On-board Western Digital WD33C93 SCSI controller(s) (IP12,
                   IP20, IP22/24) (wdsc),
               -   On-board Adaptec AIC-7889 SCSI controller (IP32) (aic),

           o   Audio
               -   On-board HAL2 controller (IP22/24) (haltwo)

           o   Graphics adapters
               -   SGI NG1 "newport" (IP22/24) (newport),
               -   SGI GR2 (various models) (grtwo)

           o   Keyboard and mouse devices
               -   PC keyboard/mouse controller (IP22/24) (pckbc)
               -   zs keyboard/mouse controller (IP12/20) (zs)

           o   Miscellaneous Devices
               -   On-board Parallel Port (IP22/24) (pi1ppc)

     Unsupported devices

           o   Some graphics adapters (e.g. the O2 framebuffer)

           o   Video hardware

           o   Some parallel ports

   Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media
     Note that if you are installing or upgrading from a writable media, the
     media can be write-protected if you wish.  These systems mount a root
     image from inside the kernel, and will not need to write to the media.
     If you booted from a floppy, the floppy disk may be removed from the
     drive after the system has booted.

     Installation is supported from several media types, including:

           o   CD-ROM / DVD
           o   FTP
           o   Remote NFS partition
           o   Existing NetBSD partitions, if performing an upgrade

     The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation
     depend upon which installation medium you choose.  The steps for the var-
     ious media are outlined below.

     CD-ROM / DVD   Find out where the distribution set files are on the CD-
                    ROM or DVD.  Likely locations are binary/sets and
                    sgimips/binary/sets.

                    Proceed to the instruction on installation.

     FTP            The preparations for this installation/upgrade method are
                    easy; all you need to do is make sure that there's an FTP
                    site from which you can retrieve the NetBSD distribution
                    when you're about to install or upgrade.  If you don't
                    have DHCP available on your network, you will need to know
                    the numeric IP address of that site, and, if it's not on a
                    network directly connected to the machine on which you're
                    installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the
                    numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD
                    machine.  Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address
                    of the NetBSD machine itself.  If you don't have access to
                    a functioning nameserver during installation, the IPv4
                    address of ftp.NetBSD.org is 204.152.184.36 and the IPv6
                    address is 2001:4f8:1:c:230:48ff:fe31:43f2 (as of Decem-
                    ber, 2006).

                    Once you have this information, you can proceed to the
                    next step in the installation or upgrade process.  If
                    you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section
                    on preparing your hard disk, below.  If you're upgrading
                    an existing installation, go directly to the section on
                    upgrading.

                    Note:  This method of installation is recommended for
                           those familiar with using BSD network configuration
                           and management commands.  If you aren't, this docu-
                           mentation should help, but is not intended to be
                           all-encompassing.

     NFS            Place the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install
                    into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory
                    mountable by the machine on which you are installing or
                    upgrading NetBSD.  This will probably require modifying
                    the /etc/exports file on of the NFS server and resetting
                    its mount daemon (mountd).  (Both of these actions will
                    probably require superuser privileges on the server.)

                    You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server,
                    and, if you don't have DHCP available on your network and
                    the server is not on a network directly connected to the
                    machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD,
                    you need to know the numeric IP address of the router
                    closest to the NetBSD machine.  Finally, you need to know
                    the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself.

                    Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the
                    information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next
                    step in the installation or upgrade process.  If you're
                    installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on pre-
                    paring your hard disk, below.  If you're upgrading an
                    existing installation, go directly to the section on
                    upgrading.

                    Note:  This method of installation is recommended for
                           those already familiar with using BSD network con-
                           figuration and management commands.  If you aren't,
                           this documentation should help, but is not intended
                           to be all-encompassing.

   Preparing your System for NetBSD installation
     First and foremost, before beginning the installation process, make sure
     you have a reliable backup of any data (e.g., an old IRIX installation)
     you wish to preserve.

     Booting NetBSD/sgimips for the first time is most commonly done from the
     network.  You must set up DHCP, TFTP, and possibly NFS for the installa-
     tion procedure to be successful.  Although newer SGI bootproms can read
     ELF kernels directly from the network, others require that you boot an
     ECOFF version of the kernel.  Attempting to boot an ELF kernel on a sys-
     tem with a PROM that only supports ECOFF binaries will result in the fol-
     lowing message being displayed by the PROM:

           Illegal f_magic number 0x7f45, expected MIPSELMAGIC or MIPSEBMAGIC.

     You can convert the standard ELF format kernel into an ECOFF kernel using
     the objcopy tool.

     Note that some older bootproms have an interesting bug in reading the
     kernel via TFTP.  They handle the port number as a signed entity, and can
     thus not connect to ports >32767.  You can work around this problem on
     the TFTP server (given that it is a NetBSD host) by using ``sysctl'' to
     set ``net.inet.ip.anonportmin'' and ``net.inet.ip.anonportmax'' to more
     suitable values.  For example:

           # sysctl -w net.inet.ip.anonportmin=16384
           # sysctl -w net.inet.ip.anonportmax=32767

     Note about installing on a O2: Unfortunately, the O2 graphics hardware is
     not supported yet. Thus, you have to use a serial console to boot and
     install NetBSD. Disconnect the keyboard from your target machine. Connect
     the O2 with a standard DB9 serial cable to a remote machine. After power-
     ing up the O2 you can connect to the serial console with

           # cu -l /dev/ttyXX

     where XX is the serial port used on your remote machine (usually
     /dev/tty00 or /dev/tty01).  Enter the Command Monitor from the System
     Maintenance Menu. In order to boot the kernel properly you also have to
     modify the PROM environment with

           > setenv console serial

     Afterwards, just continue with the normal installation procedure.

   Installing the NetBSD System
     To install or upgrade NetBSD, you need to first boot an installation pro-
     gram and then interact with the screen-menu program sysinst.  The instal-
     lation program actually consists of the NetBSD kernel plus an in-memory
     file system of utility programs.

     The installation methods are:

     1.   Installation from an existing NetBSD or IRIX system by booting the
          install kernel from an existing file system.

     2.   Installation in a diskless environment.  This means that you will
          install your entire system onto a remotely shared disk.

     3.   Booting the install kernel over the network and installing onto a
          local disk.  The beginning of the procedure is similar to diskless
          installation, but you will eventually end up writing the system onto
          your local disk.

     You should familiarize yourself with the console PROM environment and the
     hardware configuration.  A good place to study PROM tricks is the IRIX
     "prom" manual page.  Be sure you know how to print the configuration of
     your machine, and how to boot from disk or network, as appropriate.

     To boot from disk, use:

     o   All machine types:

               >> setenv systempartition scsi(0)disk(X)rdisk(0)partition(8)
               >> setenv osloadpartition scsi(0)disk(X)rdisk(0)partition(0)
               >> setenv osloadfilename netbsd
               >> setenv osloadoptions auto
               >> setenv osloader boot

     For all drives (including all SCSI-2 drives), the kernel should correctly
     detect the disk geometry.

     If you're installing NetBSD/sgimips for the first time it's a very good
     idea to pre-plan partition sizes for the disks onto which you're
     installing NetBSD.  Changing the size of partitions after you've
     installed is difficult.  If you do not have a spare bootable disk, it may
     be simpler to re-install NetBSD again from scratch.

     To be able to boot from local disk an SGI Volume Header partition is
     required.  This special partition is accessed by the PROM to load the
     NetBSD/sgimips boot program.  The partition should be about 2 MB in size,
     but can be reduced somewhat.  The minimum size can approach 150k, but
     this doesn't leave room for upgrade boot programs.

     Install via a bootable CD-ROM

     The NetBSD/sgimips CD-ROM is not ISO-formatted.  Since SGI PROMs can not
     boot from an ISO/CD-9660 filesystem, the CD-ROM image is generated with
     an SGI Volume Header for the bootstrap loader and an ISO/CD-9660-format-
     ted partition for the distribution.

     To install from a NetBSD/sgimips CD-ROM, enter the PROM command-line
     environment and execute one of the following commands, replacing X with
     the SCSI-ID of the CD-ROM:

     (for most Indigo2 (IP22) and Indy (IP24) machines)
           >> boot -f scsi(0)cdrom(X)rdisk(0)partition(8)ip2xboot
     (for Indigo (IP20) and Indigo2/Indy machines with old PROMs)
           >> boot -f scsi(0)cdrom(X)rdisk(0)partition(8)aoutboot
     (for O2 (IP32) machines)
           >> boot -f pci(0)scsi(0)cdrom(X)rdisk(0)partition(8)ip3xboot

     Installation for diskless configurations

     This section assumes you know how to configure DHCP, TFTP, and NFS ser-
     vices on your server.

     1.   Place the kernel into the TFTP server's download area.  If the ker-
          nel has a ``.gz'' suffix, you must first uncompress it using the
          gunzip program.  You must also decide which kernel you need to boot.
          Because of differences in SGI hardware between different machines,
          the kernel load addresses differ.  You will need GENERIC32_IP2x for
          the Indy and Indigo2, ecoff-GENERIC32_IP2x for the Indigo (and
          Indy/Indigo2 machines with old PROMs), and GENERIC32_IP3x for the
          O2.

                server# gzip -d -c netbsd-GENERIC32_IP2x.gz >
                /tftpboot/netbsd-sgimips
          or
                server# gzip -d -c netbsd.ecoff-GENERIC32_IP2x.gz >
                /tftpboot/netbsd-sgimips
          or
                server# gzip -d -c netbsd-GENERIC32_IP2x.gz >
                /tftpboot/netbsd-sgimips

          Note that your DHCP server must be configured to specify this file
          as the boot file for the client.

     2.   Unpack the distribution sets into the client's root directory on the
          server.

                server# cd /export/client/mipseb
                server# gzcat .../base.tgz | tar xvpf -
                server# gzcat .../etc.tgz | tar xvpf -
                [ repeat for all sets you wish to unpack ]

     3.   Load the kernel from the TFTP server:

                >> setenv SystemPartition bootp():
                >> setenv netaddr your.ip.here.please
                >> boot

     The installation of your diskless NetBSD/sgimips system is now complete!
     You may now skip ahead to any post-installation instructions.

     Installation to local disk from the network

     This section is a subset of the above section, and also assumes that you
     know how to configure DHCP and TFTP services on your server.

     1.   Place the install kernel into the TFTP server's download area.  Just
          as above, you need to place the correct bootable kernel into the
          TFTP server's download area.  However, instead of a GENERIC kernel,
          you must use the correct INSTALL kernel.  This kernel contains a
          ramdisk with the installation tools and will allow you to proceed
          with installation without further setup.

          If the kernel has a ``.gz'' suffix, you must first uncompress it
          using the gunzip program.  As above, you must choose either the
          netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x, netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.ecoff, or netbsd-
          INSTALL32_IP3x kernel.

          Note that your DHCP server must be configured to specify this file
          as the boot file for the client.

     2.   Load the kernel from the TFTP server:

                >> setenv SystemPartition bootp():
                >> setenv netaddr your.ip.here.please
                >> boot

     Once you've booted the diskimage

     Once you've booted the installation kernel you will need to select your
     terminal type.  Use vt100 for a serial console with a vt100-compatible
     terminal, or xterm or xterms for a tip(1) or cu(1) connection running in
     an xterm(1).

     The system will then start the sysinst program.

     Running the sysinst installation program

     1.   Introduction

          Using sysinst, installing NetBSD is a relatively easy process.  You
          still should read this document and have it in hand when doing the
          installation process.  This document tries to be a good guideline
          for the installation and as such covers many details for the sake of
          completeness.  Do not let this discourage you; the install program
          is not hard to use.

     2.   General

          The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while
          getting NetBSD installed on your hard disk.  sysinst is a menu
          driven installation system that allows for some freedom in doing the
          installation.  Sometimes, questions will be asked and in many cases
          the default answer will be displayed in brackets (``[ ]'') after the
          question.  If you wish to stop the installation, you may press
          CONTROL-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the
          installation process again from scratch by running the /sysinst pro-
          gram from the command prompt.  It is not necessary to reboot.

     3.   Quick install

          First, let's describe a quick install.  The other sections of this
          document go into the installation procedure in more detail, but you
          may find that you do not need this.  If you want detailed instruc-
          tions, skip to the next section.  This section describes a basic
          installation, using a CD-ROM install as an example.

          o   What you need.

              -   The distribution sets (in this example, they are on CD).

              -   A CD-ROM drive (SCSI), a hard disk and a minimum of 16 MB of
                  memory installed.

              -   The hard disk should have at least 200 + n megabytes of
                  space free, where n is the number of megabytes of main mem-
                  ory in your system.  If you wish to install the X Window
                  System as well, you will need at least 120 MB more.

          o   The Quick Installation

              -   Boot the system as described above.  You should be at the
                  sysinst main menu.

                          .***********************************************.
                          * NetBSD-4.99.19 Install System                     *
                          *                                               *
                          *a: Install NetBSD to hard disk                *
                          * b: Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk              *
                          * c: Re-install sets or install additional sets *
                          * d: Reboot the computer                        *
                          * e: Utility menu                               *
                          * x: Exit Install System                        *
                          .***********************************************.

              -   If you wish, you can configure some network settings immedi-
                  ately by choosing the Utility menu and then Configure
                  network.  It isn't actually required at this point, but it
                  may be more convenient.  Go back to the main menu.

              -   Choose install.

              -   You will be guided through some steps regarding the setup of
                  your disk, and the selection of distributed components to
                  install.  When in doubt, refer to the rest of this document
                  for details.

              -   After your disk has been prepared, choose Unmounted file
                  system as the medium.  The CD-ROM device is usually cd0 and
                  the partition `a' (i.e. cd0a).

              -   After all the files have been unpacked, go back to the main
                  menu and select reboot.

              -   Once the system reaches the PROM prompt, you will need to
                  modify your PROM environment settings for SystemPartition,
                  OSLoadPartition, OSLoader, OSLoadFilename and OSLoadOptions
                  and then boot the hard drive.  NetBSD will now boot.  If you
                  haven't already done so in sysinst, you should log in as
                  root, and set a password for that account.  You are also
                  advised to edit the file /etc/rc.conf to match your system
                  needs.

              -   Your installation is now complete.

              -   For configuring the X window system, if installed, see the
                  files in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc.  Further information can be
                  found on http://www.xfree86.org/.

     4.   Booting NetBSD

          You may want to read the boot messages, to notice your disk's name
          and capacity.  Its name will be something like sd0 and the geometry
          will be printed on a line that begins with its name.  As mentioned
          above, you may need your disk's geometry when creating NetBSD's par-
          titions.  You will also need to know the name, to tell sysinst on
          which disk to install.  The most important thing to know is that sd0
          is your first SCSI disk, sd1 the second, etc.

          Once NetBSD has booted and printed all the boot messages, you will
          be presented with a welcome message and a main menu.  It will also
          include instructions for using the menus.

     5.   Network configuration

          If you will not use network operation during the installation, but
          you do want your machine to be configured for networking once it is
          installed, you should first go to the Utility menu, and select the
          Configure network option.  If you only want to temporarily use net-
          working during the installation, you can specify these parameters
          later.  If you are not using the Domain Name System (DNS), you can
          give an empty response in reply to answers relating to this.

     6.   Installation drive selection and parameters

          To start the installation, select Install NetBSD to hard disk from
          the main menu.

          The first thing is to identify the disk on which you want to install
          NetBSD.  sysinst will report a list of disks it finds and ask you
          for your selection.  Depending on how many disks are found, you may
          get a different message.  You should see disk names like sd0 or sd1.

     7.   Partitioning the disk

          o   Please note that shared installs of IRIX and NetBSD on the same
              drive have not been tested, and as such may cause problems or
              may not work.  It is strongly recommended that all data is
              backed before attempting such installs.

     8.   Editing the NetBSD disklabel

          The partition table of the NetBSD part of a disk is called a
          disklabel.  There are 4 layouts for the NetBSD part of the disk that
          you can pick from: Standard, Standard with X, Custom and Use
          Existing.  The first two use a set of default values (that you can
          change) suitable for a normal installation, possibly including X.
          With the Custom option you can specify everything yourself.  The
          last option uses the partition info already present on the disk.

          You will be presented with the current layout of the NetBSD diskla-
          bel, and given a chance to change it.  For each partition, you can
          set the type, offset and size, block and fragment size, and the
          mount point.  The type that NetBSD uses for normal file storage is
          called 4.2BSD.  A swap partition has a special type called swap.
          Some partitions in the disklabel have a fixed purpose.

                a       Root partition (/)

                b       Swap partition.

                c       The NetBSD portion of the disk.

                d       The SGI volume header (boot partition)

                e-p     Available for other use.  Traditionally, e is the par-
                        tition mounted on /usr, but this is historical prac-
                        tice and not a fixed value.

          You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel.  The default
          response will be ok for most purposes.  If you choose to name it
          something different, make sure the name is a single word and con-
          tains no special characters.  You don't need to remember this name.

     9.   Preparing your hard disk

          You are now at the point of no return.  Nothing has been written to
          your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to install NetBSD,
          your hard drive will be modified.  If you are sure you want to pro-
          ceed, enter yes at the prompt.

          The install program will now label your disk and make the file sys-
          tems you specified.  The file systems will be initialized to contain
          NetBSD bootstrapping binaries and configuration files.  You will see
          messages on your screen from the various NetBSD disk preparation
          tools that are running.  There should be no errors in this section
          of the installation.  If there are, restart from the beginning of
          the installation process.  Otherwise, you can continue the installa-
          tion program after pressing the return key.

     10.  Getting the distribution sets

          The NetBSD distribution consists of a number of sets, that come in
          the form of gzipped tarfiles.  A few sets must be installed for a
          working system, others are optional.  At this point of the installa-
          tion, you will be presented with a menu which enables you to choose
          from one of the following methods of installing the sets.  Some of
          these methods will first load the sets on your hard disk, others
          will extract the sets directly.

          For all these methods, the first step is making the sets available
          for extraction, and then do the actual installation.  The sets can
          be made available in a few different ways.  The following sections
          describe each of those methods.  After reading the one about the
          method you will be using, you can continue to the section labeled
          `Extracting the distribution sets'.

     11.  Installation using ftp

          To be able to install using ftp, you first need to configure your
          network setup, if you haven't already at the start of the install
          procedure.  sysinst will do this for you, asking you if you want to
          use DHCP, and if not to provide data like IP address, hostname, etc.
          If you do not have name service set up for the machine that you are
          installing on, you can just press RETURN in answer to these ques-
          tions, and DNS will not be used.

          You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer
          the sets from, the directory on that host, the account name and
          password used to log into that host using ftp, and optionally a
          proxy server to use.  If you did not set up DNS when answering the
          questions to configure networking, you will need to specify an IP
          address instead of a hostname for the ftp server.

          sysinst will proceed to transfer all the default set files from the
          remote site to your hard disk.

     12.  Installation using NFS

          To be able to install using NFS, you first need to configure your
          network setup, if you haven't already at the start of the install
          procedure.  sysinst will do this for you, asking you if you want to
          use DHCP, and if not to provide data like IP address, hostname, etc.
          If you do not have name service set up for the machine that you are
          installing on, you can just press RETURN in answer to these ques-
          tions, and DNS will not be used.

          You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer
          the sets from, and the directory on that host that the files are in.
          This directory should be mountable by the machine you are installing
          on, i.e. correctly exported to your machine.

          If you did not set up DNS when answering the questions to configure
          networking, you will need to specify an IP address instead of a
          hostname for the NFS server.

     13.  Installation from CD-ROM

          When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked to specify the
          device name for your CD-ROM player (usually cd0), and the directory
          name on the CD-ROM where the distribution files are.

          sysinst will then check if the files are indeed available in the
          specified location, and proceed to the actual extraction of the
          sets.

     14.  Installation from an unmounted file system

          In order to install from a local file system, you will need to spec-
          ify the device that the file system resides on (for example sd1e)
          the type of the file system, and the directory on the specified file
          system where the sets are located.  sysinst will then check if it
          can indeed access the sets at that location.

          If this is a CD-ROM installation, the device used will be the name
          for your CD-ROM player with partition letter 'a' (usually cd0a).

     15.  Installation from a local directory

          This option assumes that you have already done some preparation
          yourself.  The sets should be located in a directory on a file sys-
          tem that is already accessible.  sysinst will ask you for the name
          of this directory.

     16.  Extracting the distribution sets

          After the install sets containing the NetBSD distribution have been
          made available, you can either extract all the sets (a full instal-
          lation), or only extract sets that you have selected.  In the latter
          case, you will be shown the currently selected sets, and given the
          opportunity to select the sets you want.  Some sets always need to
          be installed (kern, base) and etc they will not be shown in this
          selection menu.

          Before extraction begins, you can elect to watch the files being
          extracted; the name of each file that is extracted will be shown.
          This can slow down the installation process considerably, especially
          on machines with slow graphics consoles or serial consoles.

          After all the files have been extracted, all the necessary device
          node files will be created.  If you have already configured network-
          ing, you will be asked if you want to use this configuration for
          normal operation.  If so, these values will be installed in the net-
          work configuration files.  The next menu will allow you to select
          the time zone that you're in, to make sure your clock has the right
          offset from UTC.  Finally you will be asked to select a password
          encryption algorithm and can then set a password for the "root"
          account, to prevent the machine coming up without access restric-
          tions.

     17.  Finalizing your installation

          Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 4.99.19 .
          You can now reboot the machine, and boot NetBSD from hard disk.

   Post installation steps
     Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you
     need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state,
     with the most important ones described below.

     1.   Configuring /etc/rc.conf

          If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration
          of /etc/rc.conf (sysinst usually will), the system will drop you
          into single user mode on first reboot with the message

                /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.

          and with the root file system (/) mounted read-only.  When the sys-
          tem asks you to choose a shell, simply press RETURN to get to a
          /bin/sh prompt.  If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with
          vt220 (or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type) and press
          RETURN.  You may need to type one of the following commands to get
          your delete key to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
                # stty erase '^h'
                # stty erase '^?'
          At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the /etc
          directory.  You will need to mount your root file system read/write
          with:
                # /sbin/mount -u -w /
          Change to the /etc directory and take a look at the /etc/rc.conf
          file.  Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set
          rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-
          user boot can proceed.  Default values for the various programs can
          be found in /etc/defaults/rc.conf, where some in-line documentation
          may be found.  More complete documentation can be found in
          rc.conf(5).

          If your /usr directory is on a separate partition and you do not
          know how to use ed, you will have to mount your /usr partition to
          gain access to ex or vi.  Do the following:

                # mount /usr
                # export TERM=vt220

          If you have /var on a separate partition, you need to repeat that
          step for it.  After that, you can edit /etc/rc.conf with vi(1).
          When you have finished, type exit at the prompt to leave the single-
          user shell and continue with the multi-user boot.

          Other values that need to be set in /etc/rc.conf for a networked
          environment are hostname and possibly defaultroute, furthermore add
          an ifconfig_int for your <int> network interface, along the lines of

                ifconfig_sq0="inet 123.45.67.89 netmask 255.255.255.0"

          or, if you have myname.my.dom in /etc/hosts:

                ifconfig_sq0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"

          To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an
          /etc/resolv.conf file or (if you are feeling a little more adventur-
          ous) run named(8).  See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more informa-
          tion.  Instead of manually configuring network and naming service,
          DHCP can be used by setting dhclient=YES in /etc/rc.conf.

          Other files in /etc that may require modification or setting up
          include /etc/mailer.conf and /etc/nsswitch.conf.

     2.   Logging in

          After reboot, you can log in as root at the login prompt.  Unless
          you've set a password in sysinst, there is no initial password.  If
          you're using the machine in a networked environment, you should cre-
          ate an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the
          ``root'' account with good passwords.  By default, root login from
          the network is disabled (even via ssh(1)).  One way to become root
          over the network is to log in as a different user that belongs to
          group ``wheel'' (see group(5)) and use su(1) to become root.

          Unless you have connected an unusual terminal device as the console
          you can just press RETURN when it prompts for Terminal type? [...].

     3.   Adding accounts

          Use the useradd(8) command to add accounts to your system.  Do not
          edit /etc/passwd directly! See vipw(8) and pwd_mkdb(8) if you want
          to edit the password database.

     4.   The X Window System

          If you have installed the X Window System, look at the files in
          /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc for information.

          Don't forget to add /usr/X11R6/bin to your path in your shell's dot
          file so that you have access to the X binaries.

     5.   Installing third party packages

          If you wish to install any of the software freely available for
          UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD
          package system.  This automatically handles any changes necessary to
          make the software run on NetBSD, retrieval and installation of any
          other packages on which the software may depend, and simplifies
          installation (and deinstallation), both from source and precompiled
          binaries.

          o   More information on the package system is at
                    http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/software/packages.html

          o   A list of available packages suitable for browsing is at
                    ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/README.html

          o   Precompiled binaries can be found at ,:
                    ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/
              usually in the 4.99.19//All subdir.  You can install them with
              the following commands under sh(1):

              # PKG_PATH=ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/4.99.19//All
              # export PKG_PATH
              # pkg_add -v tcsh
              # pkg_add -v bash
              # pkg_add -v perl
              # pkg_add -v apache
              # pkg_add -v kde
              # pkg_add -v firefox
              ...

              If you are using csh(1) then replace the first two lines with
              the following:

              # setenv PKG_PATH ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/4.99.19//All
              ...

              The above commands will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again
              shell, the Perl programming language, Apache web server, KDE
              desktop environment and the Firefox web browser as well as all
              the packages they depend on.

          o   Package sources for compiling packages on your own can be
              obtained by retrieving the file
                    ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz
              They are typically extracted into /usr/pkgsrc (though other
              locations work fine), with the commands:

                    # mkdir /usr/pkgsrc
                    # cd /usr/pkgsrc
                    # tar -zxpf pkgsrc.tar.gz

              After extracting, see the README and doc/pkgsrc.txt files in the
              extraction directory (e.g.  /usr/pkgsrc/README) for more infor-
              mation.

     6.   Misc

          o   Edit /etc/mail/aliases to forward root mail to the right place.
              Don't forget to run newaliases(1) afterwards.

          o   The /etc/mail/sendmail.cf file will almost definitely need to be
              adjusted; files aiding in this can be found in
              /usr/share/sendmail.  See the README file there for more infor-
              mation.  If you prefer postfix as MTA, adjust /etc/mailer.conf.

          o   Edit /etc/rc.local to run any local daemons you use.

          o   Many of the /etc files are documented in section 5 of the man-
              ual; so just invoking

                    # man 5 filename

              is likely to give you more information on these files.

   Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System
     The upgrade to NetBSD 4.99.19 is a binary upgrade; it can be quite diffi-
     cult to update the system from an earlier version by recompiling from
     source, primarily due to interdependencies in the various components.

     To do the upgrade, you must have the boot floppy available.  You must
     also have at least the base and kern binary distribution sets available,
     so that you can upgrade with them, using one of the upgrade methods
     described above.  Finally, you must have sufficient disk space available
     to install the new binaries.  Since files already installed on the system
     are overwritten in place, you only need additional free space for files
     which weren't previously installed or to account for growth of the sets
     between releases.  If you have a few megabytes free on each of your root
     (/) and /usr partitions, you should have enough space.

     Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel, the boot blocks on your
     NetBSD partition, and most of the system binaries, it has the potential
     to cause data loss.  You are strongly advised to back up any important
     data on the NetBSD partition or on another operating system's partition
     on your disk before beginning the upgrade process.

     The upgrade procedure using the sysinst tool is similar to an installa-
     tion, but without the hard disk partitioning.  sysinst will attempt to
     merge the settings stored in your /etc directory with the new version of
     NetBSD.  Getting the binary sets is done in the same manner as the
     installation procedure; refer to the installation part of the document
     for how to do this.  Also, some sanity checks are done, i.e.  file sys-
     tems are checked before unpacking the sets.

     After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your machine is a
     complete NetBSD 4.99.19 system.  However, that doesn't mean that you're
     finished with the upgrade process.  You will probably want to update the
     set of device nodes you have in /dev.  If you've changed the contents of
     /dev by hand, you will need to be careful about this, but if not, you can
     just cd into /dev, and run the command:

           # sh MAKEDEV all

     Finally, you will want to delete old binaries that were part of the ver-
     sion of NetBSD that you upgraded from and have since been removed from
     the NetBSD distribution.

   Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases
     Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the
     following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to
     NetBSD 4.99.19 .

     Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.6

     The following issues can generally be resolved by extracting the etc set
     into a temporary directory and running postinstall:

           postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check
           postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix

     Issues fixed by postinstall:

           o   Various files in /etc need upgrading.  These include:
                     -   /etc/defaults/*
                     -   /etc/mtree/*
                     -   /etc/daily
                     -   /etc/weekly
                     -   /etc/monthly
                     -   /etc/security
                     -   /etc/rc.subr
                     -   /etc/rc
                     -   /etc/rc.shutdown
                     -   /etc/rc.d/*

           o   The following files are now obsolete: /etc/rc.d/fsck.sh
               /etc/rc.d/gated /etc/rc.d/kerberos /etc/rc.d/NETWORK
               /etc/rc.d/systemfs /etc/rc.d/xntpd and /etc/rc.d/ypset.

           o   The users and groups `smmsp', needs to be created, `news' is no
               longer part of the system.

     The following issues need to be resolved manually:

           o   postfix(8) configuration files require upgrading.

                     cd /usr/share/examples/postfix
                     cp post-install postfix-files postfix-script /etc/postfix
                     postfix check

   Using online NetBSD documentation
     Documentation is available if you first install the manual distribution
     set.  Traditionally, the ``man pages'' (documentation) are denoted by
     `name(section)'.  Some examples of this are

           o   intro(1),
           o   man(1),
           o   apropros(1),
           o   passwd(1), and
           o   passwd(5).

     The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three
     are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are
     in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.

     The man command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is
     started by entering man [section] topic.  The brackets [] around the sec-
     tion should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is
     optional.  If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the
     lowest numbered section name will be displayed.  For instance, after log-
     ging in, enter

           # man passwd

     to read the documentation for passwd(1).  To view the documentation for
     passwd(5), enter

           # man 5 passwd

     instead.

     If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter

           # apropos subject-word

     where subject-word is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related
     man pages will be displayed.

   Administrivia
     If you've got something to say, do so!  We'd like your input.  There are
     various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at
     majordomo@NetBSD.org.  To get help on using the mailing list server, send
     mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instruc-
     tions.

     There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and ques-
     tions about this release.  Please send comments to:
     netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org.

     To report bugs, use the send-pr(1) command shipped with NetBSD, and fill
     in as much information about the problem as you can.  Good bug reports
     include lots of details.  Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail
     to: netbsd-bugs@NetBSD.org.

     Use of send-pr(1) is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it
     are entered into the NetBSD bugs database, and thus can't slip through
     the cracks.

     There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each
     port of NetBSD.  Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit
           http://www.NetBSD.org/MailingLists/.
     If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific
     port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed
     below).

     If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you
     could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: netbsd-help@NetBSD.org.

     As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing
     lists.  Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW
     somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather
     not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want
     it.

   Thanks go to
     o   The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, includ-
         ing (but not limited to):

               Keith Bostic
               Ralph Campbell
               Mike Karels
               Marshall Kirk McKusick

         for their ongoing work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement.

     o   The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the NetBSD FTP,
         CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers.

     o   The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server which
         runs the CVSweb interface to the NetBSD source tree.

     o   The Helsinki University of Technology in Finland for hosting the
         NetBSD backup CVS and backup server.

     o   SSH Communications Security in Finland for operating the backup
         server.

     o   The many organisations that provide NetBSD mirror sites.

     o   Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats
         go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people
         who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool.

     o   The following individuals and organizations (each in alphabetical
         order) have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to sup-
         port NetBSD development, and deserve credit for it:

               AboveNet Communications, Inc.
               Advanced System Products, Inc.
               Alex Poylisher
               Alistair Crooks
               Andrew Brown
               Atsushi YOKOYAMA
               Avalon Computer Systems
               Bay Area Internet Solutions
               Ben Collver
               Bill Coldwell
               Bill Sommerfeld
               Brad Salai
               Brains Corporation, Japan
               Brian Carlstrom
               Brian McGroarty
               Canada Connect Corporation
               Castor Fu
               Central Iowa (Model) Railroad
               Charles Conn
               Charles D. Cranor
               Charles M. Hannum
               Chris Legrow
               Christer O. Andersson
               Christopher g. Demetriou
               Christos Zoulas
               Chuck Silvers
               Co-operative Research Centre for Enterprise Distributed
               Curt Sampson
               Dave Burgess
               Dave Rand
               David Brownlee
               Demon Internet, UK
               Derek Fellion
               Digital Equipment Corporation
               Distributed Processing Technology
               Douglas J. Trainor
               Easynet, UK
               Ed Braaten
               Edward Richley
               Eric and Rosemary Spahr
               Free Hardware Foundation
               Greg Gingerich
               Guenther Grau
               Harald Koerfgen
               Harry McDonald
               Heiko W. Rupp
               Herb Peyerl
               Hubert Feyrer
               Innovation Development Enterprises of America
               Internet Software Consortium
               James Chacon
               Jan Joris Vereijken
               Jason Birnschein
               Jason Brazile
               Jason R. Thorpe
               Jim Wise
               John Kohl
               Jonathan P. Kay
               Jordan K. Hubbard
               Kenneth Alan Hornstein
               Kevin Keith Woo
               Kimmo Suominen
               Krister Waldfridsson
               Lex Wennmacher
               LinuxFest Northwest
               Luke Mewburn
               MS Macro System GmbH, Germany
               Mark Brinicombe
               Mark S. Thomas
               Mason Loring Bliss
               Mattias Karlsson
               Michael Graff
               Michael L. Hitch
               Michael Richardson
               Michael Thompson
               Michael W. James
               Mike Price
               Neil J. McRae
               Noah M. Keiserman
               Norman R. McBride
               Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility, NASA Ames Research
               Oliver Cahagne
               Perry E. Metzger
               Petri T. Koistinen
               Piermont Information Systems Inc.
               Precedence Technologies Ltd
               Ralph Campbell
               Reinoud Zandijk
               Richard Nelson
               Rob Windsor
               Ross Harvey
               SDF Public Access Unix, Inc. 501(c)(7)
               Salient Systems Inc.
               Scott Ellis
               Scott Kaplan
               Simon Burge
               Soren Jacobsen
               Soren Jorvang
               Steve Allen
               Steve Wadlow
               SunROOT# Project
               Ted Lemon
               Ted Spradley
               Thor Lancelot Simon
               Tim Law
               Tom Coulter
               Toru Nishimura
               VMC Harald Frank, Germany
               Warped Communications, Inc.
               Wasabi Systems
               Whitecross Database Systems Ltd.
               William Gnadt
               Worria Web Hosting

         (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us!  We probably were
         not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be
         listed.)

     o   Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into
         developing NetBSD since its inception in January, 1993.  (Obviously,
         there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here.  If you're one
         of them, and would like to mentioned, tell us!)

   We are...
     (in alphabetical order)

     The NetBSD core group:

         Allen Briggs             briggs@NetBSD.org
         Matt Thomas              matt@NetBSD.org
         Valeriy E. Ushakov       uwe@NetBSD.org
         YAMAMOTO Takashi         yamt@NetBSD.org
         Christos Zoulas          christos@NetBSD.org

     The portmasters (and their ports):

         Allen Briggs             briggs@NetBSD.org        sandpoint
         Anders Magnusson         ragge@NetBSD.org         vax
         Andrey Petrov            petrov@NetBSD.org        sparc64
         Ben Harris               bjh21@NetBSD.org         acorn26
         Cherry G. Mathew         cherry@NetBSD.org        ia64
         Chris Gilbert            chris@NetBSD.org         cats
         Christian Limpach        cl@NetBSD.org            xen
         Eduardo Horvath          eeh@NetBSD.org           evbppc
         Frank van der Linden     fvdl@NetBSD.org          amd64
         Frank van der Linden     fvdl@NetBSD.org          i386
         Gavan Fantom             gavan@NetBSD.org         iyonix
         IWAMOTO Toshihiro        toshii@NetBSD.org        hpcarm
         Ichiro Fukuhara          ichiro@NetBSD.org        hpcarm
         Ignatios Souvatzis       is@NetBSD.org            amiga
         Izumi Tsutsui            tsutsui@NetBSD.org       ews4800mips
         Izumi Tsutsui            tsutsui@NetBSD.org       hp300
         Izumi Tsutsui            tsutsui@NetBSD.org       news68k
         Jason Thorpe             thorpej@NetBSD.org       algor
         Jason Thorpe             thorpej@NetBSD.org       evbarm
         Jason Thorpe             thorpej@NetBSD.org       shark
         Jeremy Cooper            jeremy@NetBSD.org        sun3
         Jonathan Stone           jonathan@NetBSD.org      pmax
         Julian Coleman           jdc@NetBSD.org           atari
         Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino itojun@NetBSD.org        evbsh3
         Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino itojun@NetBSD.org        mmeye
         Kazuki Sakamoto          sakamoto@NetBSD.org      bebox
         Lennart Augustsson       augustss@NetBSD.org      pmppc
         Marcus Comstedt          marcus@NetBSD.org        dreamcast
         Martin Husemann          martin@NetBSD.org        sparc64
         Matt DeBergalis          deberg@NetBSD.org        next68k
         Matt Fredette            fredette@NetBSD.org      hp700
         Matt Fredette            fredette@NetBSD.org      sun2
         Matt Thomas              matt@NetBSD.org          alpha
         Matt Thomas              matt@NetBSD.org          netwinder
         Matthias Drochner        drochner@NetBSD.org      cesfic
         NISHIMURA Takeshi        nsmrtks@NetBSD.org       x68k
         Nathan Williams          nathanw@NetBSD.org       sun3
         Noriyuki Soda            soda@NetBSD.org          arc
         Paul Kranenburg          pk@NetBSD.org            sparc
         Phil Nelson              phil@NetBSD.org          pc532
         Reinoud Zandijk          reinoud@NetBSD.org       acorn32
         Ross Harvey              ross@NetBSD.org          alpha
         Soren Jorvang            soren@NetBSD.org         cobalt
         Soren Jorvang            soren@NetBSD.org         sgimips
         Scott Reynolds           scottr@NetBSD.org        mac68k
         Shin Takemura            takemura@NetBSD.org      hpcmips
         Simon Burge              simonb@NetBSD.org        evbmips
         Simon Burge              simonb@NetBSD.org        evbppc
         Simon Burge              simonb@NetBSD.org        pmax
         Simon Burge              simonb@NetBSD.org        sbmips
         Steve Woodford           scw@NetBSD.org           mvme68k
         Steve Woodford           scw@NetBSD.org           mvmeppc
         Takayoshi Kochi          kochi@NetBSD.org         ia64
         Tim Rightnour            garbled@NetBSD.org       prep
         Tohru Nishimura          nisimura@NetBSD.org      luna68k
         Tsubai Masanari          tsubai@NetBSD.org        macppc
         Tsubai Masanari          tsubai@NetBSD.org        newsmips
         UCHIYAMA Yasushi         uch@NetBSD.org           hpcsh
         UCHIYAMA Yasushi         uch@NetBSD.org           playstation2
         Wayne Knowles            wdk@NetBSD.org           mipsco
         Wolfgang Solfrank        ws@NetBSD.org            ofppc

     The NetBSD 4.99.19 Release Engineering team:

         Grant Beattie            grant@NetBSD.org
         Havard Eidnes            he@NetBSD.org
         James Chacon             jmc@NetBSD.org
         Julian Coleman           jdc@NetBSD.org
         Jim Wise                 jwise@NetBSD.org
         Geert Hendrickx          ghen@NetBSD.org
         Jeff Rizzo               riz@NetBSD.org
         Soren Jacobsen           snj@NetBSD.org
         Pavel Cahyna             pavel@NetBSD.org

     NetBSD Developers:

         Nathan Ahlstrom          nra@NetBSD.org
         Steve Allen              wormey@NetBSD.org
         Jukka Andberg            jandberg@NetBSD.org
         Julian Assange           proff@NetBSD.org
         Lennart Augustsson       augustss@NetBSD.org
         Christoph Badura         bad@NetBSD.org
         Bang Jun-Young           junyoung@NetBSD.org
         Dieter Baron             dillo@NetBSD.org
         Robert V. Baron          rvb@NetBSD.org
         Alan Barrett             apb@NetBSD.org
         Grant Beattie            grant@NetBSD.org
         Jason Beegan             jtb@NetBSD.org
         Erik Berls               cyber@NetBSD.org
         Hiroyuki Bessho          bsh@NetBSD.org
         John Birrell             jb@NetBSD.org
         Mason Loring Bliss       mason@NetBSD.org
         Charles Blundell         cb@NetBSD.org
         Rafal Boni               rafal@NetBSD.org
         Stephen Borrill          sborrill@NetBSD.org
         Sean Boudreau            seanb@NetBSD.org
         Manuel Bouyer            bouyer@NetBSD.org
         John Brezak              brezak@NetBSD.org
         Allen Briggs             briggs@NetBSD.org
         Mark Brinicombe          mark@NetBSD.org
         Aaron Brown              abrown@NetBSD.org
         Andrew Brown             atatat@NetBSD.org
         David Brownlee           abs@NetBSD.org
         Frederick Bruckman       fredb@NetBSD.org
         Jon Buller               jonb@NetBSD.org
         Simon Burge              simonb@NetBSD.org
         Robert Byrnes            byrnes@NetBSD.org
         Pavel Cahyna             pavel@NetBSD.org
         D'Arcy J.M. Cain         darcy@NetBSD.org
         Dave Carrel              carrel@NetBSD.org
         Daniel Carosone          dan@NetBSD.org
         James Chacon             jmc@NetBSD.org
         Bill Coldwell            billc@NetBSD.org
         Julian Coleman           jdc@NetBSD.org
         Ben Collver              ben@NetBSD.org
         Jeremy Cooper            jeremy@NetBSD.org
         Chuck Cranor             chuck@NetBSD.org
         Alistair Crooks          agc@NetBSD.org
         Aidan Cully              aidan@NetBSD.org
         Garrett D'Amore          gdamore@NetBSD.org
         Johan Danielsson         joda@NetBSD.org
         John Darrow              jdarrow@NetBSD.org
         Jed Davis                jld@NetBSD.org
         Matt DeBergalis          deberg@NetBSD.org
         Arnaud Degroote          degroote@NetBSD.org
         Rob Deker                deker@NetBSD.org
         Chris G. Demetriou       cgd@NetBSD.org
         Tracy Di Marco White     gendalia@NetBSD.org
         Jaromir Dolecek          jdolecek@NetBSD.org
         Andy Doran               ad@NetBSD.org
         Roland Dowdeswell        elric@NetBSD.org
         Emmanuel Dreyfus         manu@NetBSD.org
         Matthias Drochner        drochner@NetBSD.org
         Jun Ebihara              jun@NetBSD.org
         Havard Eidnes            he@NetBSD.org
         Stoned Elipot            seb@NetBSD.org
         Michael van Elst         mlelstv@NetBSD.org
         Enami Tsugutomo          enami@NetBSD.org
         Bernd Ernesti            veego@NetBSD.org
         Erik Fair                fair@NetBSD.org
         Gavan Fantom             gavan@NetBSD.org
         Hauke Fath               hauke@NetBSD.org
         Hubert Feyrer            hubertf@NetBSD.org
         Jason R. Fink            jrf@NetBSD.org
         Matt J. Fleming          mjf@NetBSD.org
         Liam J. Foy              liamjfoy@NetBSD.org
         Matt Fredette            fredette@NetBSD.org
         Thorsten Frueauf         frueauf@NetBSD.org
         Castor Fu                castor@NetBSD.org
         Ichiro Fukuhara          ichiro@NetBSD.org
         Quentin Garnier          cube@NetBSD.org
         Thomas Gerner            thomas@NetBSD.org
         Simon J. Gerraty         sjg@NetBSD.org
         Justin Gibbs             gibbs@NetBSD.org
         Chris Gilbert            chris@NetBSD.org
         Eric Gillespie           epg@NetBSD.org
         Adam Glass               glass@NetBSD.org
         Michael Graff            explorer@NetBSD.org
         Brian C. Grayson         bgrayson@NetBSD.org
         Matthew Green            mrg@NetBSD.org
         Andreas Gustafsson       gson@NetBSD.org
         Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino itojun@NetBSD.org
         Juergen Hannken-Illjes   hannken@NetBSD.org
         Charles M. Hannum        mycroft@NetBSD.org
         Ben Harris               bjh21@NetBSD.org
         Ross Harvey              ross@NetBSD.org
         Eric Haszlakiewicz       erh@NetBSD.org
         John Hawkinson           jhawk@NetBSD.org
         HAMAJIMA Katsuomi        hamajima@NetBSD.org
         HAYAKAWA Koichi          haya@NetBSD.org
         John Heasley             heas@NetBSD.org
         Geert Hendrickx          ghen@NetBSD.org
         Rene Hexel               rh@NetBSD.org
         Iain Hibbert             plunky@NetBSD.org
         Kouichirou Hiratsuka     hira@NetBSD.org
         Michael L. Hitch         mhitch@NetBSD.org
         Jachym Holecek           freza@NetBSD.org
         Christian E. Hopps       chopps@NetBSD.org
         Ken Hornstein            kenh@NetBSD.org
         Marc Horowitz            marc@NetBSD.org
         Eduardo Horvath          eeh@NetBSD.org
         Nick Hudson              skrll@NetBSD.org
         Shell Hung               shell@NetBSD.org
         Martin Husemann          martin@NetBSD.org
         Dean Huxley              dean@NetBSD.org
         Love Hornquist Astrand   lha@NetBSD.org
         Bernardo Innocenti       bernie@NetBSD.org
         Tetsuya Isaki            isaki@NetBSD.org
         ITOH Yasufumi            itohy@NetBSD.org
         IWAMOTO Toshihiro        toshii@NetBSD.org
         Matthew Jacob            mjacob@NetBSD.org
         Soren Jacobsen           snj@NetBSD.org
         Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj      lonhyn@NetBSD.org
         Darrin Jewell            dbj@NetBSD.org
         Nicolas Joly             njoly@NetBSD.org
         Chris Jones              cjones@NetBSD.org
         Soren Jorvang            soren@NetBSD.org
         Takahiro Kambe           taca@NetBSD.org
         Antti Kantee             pooka@NetBSD.org
         Masanori Kanaoka         kanaoka@NetBSD.org
         Frank Kardel             kardel@NetBSD.org
         Mattias Karlsson         keihan@NetBSD.org
         KAWAMOTO Yosihisa        kawamoto@NetBSD.org
         Mario Kemper             magick@NetBSD.org
         Min Sik Kim              minskim@NetBSD.org
         Thomas Klausner          wiz@NetBSD.org
         Klaus Klein              kleink@NetBSD.org
         John Klos                jklos@NetBSD.org
         Wayne Knowles            wdk@NetBSD.org
         Takayoshi Kochi          kochi@NetBSD.org
         John Kohl                jtk@NetBSD.org
         Daniel de Kok            daniel@NetBSD.org
         Paul Kranenburg          pk@NetBSD.org
         Martti Kuparinen         martti@NetBSD.org
         Kentaro A. Kurahone      kurahone@NetBSD.org
         Kevin Lahey              kml@NetBSD.org
         David Laight             dsl@NetBSD.org
         Johnny C. Lam            jlam@NetBSD.org
         Martin J. Laubach        mjl@NetBSD.org
         Greg Lehey               grog@NetBSD.org
         Ted Lemon                mellon@NetBSD.org
         Christian Limpach        cl@NetBSD.org
         Frank van der Linden     fvdl@NetBSD.org
         Joel Lindholm            joel@NetBSD.org
         Mike Long                mikel@NetBSD.org
         Michael Lorenz           macallan@NetBSD.org
         Warner Losh              imp@NetBSD.org
         Tomasz Luchowski         zuntum@NetBSD.org
         Federico Lupi            federico@NetBSD.org
         Brett Lymn               blymn@NetBSD.org
         Paul Mackerras           paulus@NetBSD.org
         Anders Magnusson         ragge@NetBSD.org
         MAEKAWA Masahide         gehenna@NetBSD.org
         David Maxwell            david@NetBSD.org
         Dan McMahill             dmcmahill@NetBSD.org
         Gregory McGarry          gmcgarry@NetBSD.org
         Jared D. McNeill         jmcneill@NetBSD.org
         Neil J. McRae            neil@NetBSD.org
         Perry Metzger            perry@NetBSD.org
         Simas Mockevicius        symka@NetBSD.org
         Juan Romero Pardines     xtraeme@NetBSD.org
         Julio M. Merino Vidal    jmmv@NetBSD.org
         Minoura Makoto           minoura@NetBSD.org
         Luke Mewburn             lukem@NetBSD.org
         der Mouse                mouse@NetBSD.org
         Joseph Myers             jsm@NetBSD.org
         Ken Nakata               kenn@NetBSD.org
         Takeshi Nakayama         nakayama@NetBSD.org
         Phil Nelson              phil@NetBSD.org
         John Nemeth              jnemeth@NetBSD.org
         Bob Nestor               rnestor@NetBSD.org
         NISHIMURA Takeshi        nsmrtks@NetBSD.org
         Tohru Nishimura          nisimura@NetBSD.org
         NONAKA Kimihiro          nonaka@NetBSD.org
         Takehiko NOZAKI          tnozaki@NetBSD.org
         Tobias Nygren            tnn@NetBSD.org
         OBATA Akio               obache@NetBSD.org
         Jesse Off                joff@NetBSD.org
         Tatoku Ogaito            tacha@NetBSD.org
         OKANO Takayoshi          kano@NetBSD.org
         Masaru Oki               oki@NetBSD.org
         Atsushi Onoe             onoe@NetBSD.org
         Greg Oster               oster@NetBSD.org
         Jonathan Perkin          sketch@NetBSD.org
         Herb Peyerl              hpeyerl@NetBSD.org
         Matthias Pfaller         matthias@NetBSD.org
         Chris Pinnock            cjep@NetBSD.org
         Adrian Portelli          adrianp@NetBSD.org
         Rui Paulo                rpaulo@NetBSD.org
         Peter Postma             peter@NetBSD.org
         Dante Profeta            dante@NetBSD.org
         Chris Provenzano         proven@NetBSD.org
         Niels Provos             provos@NetBSD.org
         Mindaugas Rasiukevicius  rmind@NetBSD.org
         Michael Rauch            mrauch@NetBSD.org
         Marc Recht               recht@NetBSD.org
         Darren Reed              darrenr@NetBSD.org
         Jeremy C. Reed           reed@NetBSD.org
         Antoine Reilles          tonio@NetBSD.org
         Tyler R. Retzlaff        rtr@NetBSD.org
         Scott Reynolds           scottr@NetBSD.org
         Michael Richardson       mcr@NetBSD.org
         Tim Rightnour            garbled@NetBSD.org
         Alan Ritter              rittera@NetBSD.org
         Jeff Rizzo               riz@NetBSD.org
         Gordon Ross              gwr@NetBSD.org
         Steve Rumble             rumble@NetBSD.org
         Ilpo Ruotsalainen        lonewolf@NetBSD.org
         Heiko W. Rupp            hwr@NetBSD.org
         David Sainty             dsainty@NetBSD.org
         SAITOH Masanobu          msaitoh@NetBSD.org
         Kazuki Sakamoto          sakamoto@NetBSD.org
         Curt Sampson             cjs@NetBSD.org
         Wilfredo Sanchez         wsanchez@NetBSD.org
         Ty Sarna                 tsarna@NetBSD.org
         SATO Kazumi              sato@NetBSD.org
         Jan Schaumann            jschauma@NetBSD.org
         Matthias Scheler         tron@NetBSD.org
         Karl Schilke (rAT)       rat@NetBSD.org
         Amitai Schlair           schmonz@NetBSD.org
         Konrad Schroder          perseant@NetBSD.org
         Georg Schwarz            schwarz@NetBSD.org
         Lubomir Sedlacik         salo@NetBSD.org
         Christopher SEKIYA       sekiya@NetBSD.org
         Reed Shadgett            dent@NetBSD.org
         John Shannon             shannonjr@NetBSD.org
         Tim Shepard              shep@NetBSD.org
         Takeshi Shibagaki        shiba@NetBSD.org
         Naoto Shimazaki          igy@NetBSD.org
         Takao Shinohara          shin@NetBSD.org
         Takuya SHIOZAKI          tshiozak@NetBSD.org
         Daniel Sieger            dsieger@NetBSD.org
         Chuck Silvers            chs@NetBSD.org
         Thor Lancelot Simon      tls@NetBSD.org
         Jeff Smith               jeffs@NetBSD.org
         Noriyuki Soda            soda@NetBSD.org
         Wolfgang Solfrank        ws@NetBSD.org
         T K Spindler             dogcow@NetBSD.org
         SOMEYA Yoshihiko         someya@NetBSD.org
         Bill Sommerfeld          sommerfeld@NetBSD.org
         Jorg Sonnenberger        joerg@NetBSD.org
         Ignatios Souvatzis       is@NetBSD.org
         Bill Squier              groo@NetBSD.org
         Jonathan Stone           jonathan@NetBSD.org
         Bill Studenmund          wrstuden@NetBSD.org
         Kevin Sullivan           sullivan@NetBSD.org
         SUNAGAWA Keiki           kei@NetBSD.org
         Kimmo Suominen           kim@NetBSD.org
         Shin Takemura            takemura@NetBSD.org
         TAMURA Kent              kent@NetBSD.org
         Shin'ichiro TAYA         taya@NetBSD.org
         Ian Lance Taylor         ian@NetBSD.org
         Matt Thomas              matt@NetBSD.org
         Jason Thorpe             thorpej@NetBSD.org
         Christoph Toshok         toshok@NetBSD.org
         Greg Troxel              gdt@NetBSD.org
         Tsubai Masanari          tsubai@NetBSD.org
         Izumi Tsutsui            tsutsui@NetBSD.org
         UCHIYAMA Yasushi         uch@NetBSD.org
         Masao Uebayashi          uebayasi@NetBSD.org
         Shuichiro URATA          ur@NetBSD.org
         Valeriy E. Ushakov       uwe@NetBSD.org
         Todd Vierling            tv@NetBSD.org
         Aymeric Vincent          aymeric@NetBSD.org
         Paul Vixie               vixie@NetBSD.org
         Mike M. Volokhov         mishka@NetBSD.org
         Krister Walfridsson      kristerw@NetBSD.org
         Lex Wennmacher           wennmach@NetBSD.org
         Leo Weppelman            leo@NetBSD.org
         Assar Westerlund         assar@NetBSD.org
         Todd Whitesel            toddpw@NetBSD.org
         Nathan Williams          nathanw@NetBSD.org
         Rob Windsor              windsor@NetBSD.org
         Dan Winship              danw@NetBSD.org
         Arnaud Lacombe           alc@NetBSD.org
         Jim Wise                 jwise@NetBSD.org
         Michael Wolfson          mbw@NetBSD.org
         Steve Woodford           scw@NetBSD.org
         Colin Wood               ender@NetBSD.org
         YAMAMOTO Takashi         yamt@NetBSD.org
         Yuji Yamano              yyamano@NetBSD.org
         Reinoud Zandijk          reinoud@NetBSD.org
         S.P.Zeidler              spz@NetBSD.org
         Maria Zevenhoven         maria7@NetBSD.org
         Christos Zoulas          christos@NetBSD.org

     Other contributors:

         Dave Burgess             burgess@cynjut.infonet.net
         Brian R. Gaeke           brg@dgate.org
         Brad Grantham            grantham@tenon.com
         Lawrence Kesteloot       kesteloo@cs.unc.edu
         Waldi Ravens             waldi@moacs.indiv.nl.net

   Legal Mumbo-Jumbo
     All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trade-
     marks of their respective owners.

     The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the
     software that we have mentioned in this document:

     NetBSD is a registered trademark of The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by the University of California,
     Berkeley and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation.
     This product includes software developed by The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
     and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project.  See
     http://www.netbsd.org/ for information about NetBSD.
     This product contains software developed by Ignatios Souvatzis for the
     NetBSD project.
     This product contains software written by Ignatios Souvatzis and Michael
     L. Hitch for the NetBSD project.
     This product contains software written by Michael L. Hitch for the NetBSD
     project.
     This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
     (eay@cryptsoft.com)
     This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
     (eay@mincom.oz.au)
     This product includes software designed by William Allen Simpson.
     This product includes software developed at Ludd, University of Lulea,
     Sweden and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed at Ludd, University of Lulea.
     This product includes software developed at the Information Technology
     Division, US Naval Research Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by Berkeley Software Design,
     Inc.
     This product includes software developed by David Jones and Gordon Ross
     This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross and Leo Wep-
     pelman.
     This product includes software developed by Hellmuth Michaelis and Joerg
     Wunsch
     This product includes software developed by Internet Research Institute,
     Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman and Waldi
     Ravens.
     This product includes software developed by  Mika Kortelainen
     This product includes software developed by Aaron Brown and Harvard Uni-
     versity.
     This product includes software developed by Adam Ciarcinski for the
     NetBSD project.
     This product includes software developed by Adam Glass and Charles M.
     Hannum.
     This product includes software developed by Adam Glass.
     This product includes software developed by Advanced Risc Machines Ltd.
     This product includes software developed by Alex Zepeda, and Colin Wood
     for the NetBSD Projet.
     This product includes software developed by Alex Zepeda.
     This product includes software developed by Alistair G. Crooks.
     This product includes software developed by Alistair G. Crooks.  for the
     NetBSD project.
     This product includes software developed by Allen Briggs
     This product includes software developed by Amancio Hasty and Roger
     Hardiman
     This product includes software developed by Berkeley Software Design,
     Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Berkeley Software Design,
     Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Bill Paul.
     This product includes software developed by Bodo Moeller.  (If available,
     substitute umlauted o for oe)
     This product includes software developed by Boris Popov.
     This product includes software developed by Brad Pepers
     This product includes software developed by Bradley A. Grantham.
     This product includes software developed by Brini.
     This product includes software developed by Causality Limited.
     This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor and Seth
     Widoff.
     This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor and Wash-
     ington University.
     This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor, Washington
     University, and the University of California, Berkeley and its contribu-
     tors.
     This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor, Washington
     University, the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor.
     This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum.
     This product includes software developed by Charles M. Hannum, by the
     University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A.
     Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and by the University of California,
     Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Charles M. Hannum.
     This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps, Ezra
     Story, Kari Mettinen, Markus Wild, Lutz Vieweg and Michael Teske.
     This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps.
     This product includes software developed by Christian Limpach
     This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou for
     the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou.
     This product includes software developed by Christos Zoulas.
     This product includes software developed by Chuck Silvers.
     This product includes software developed by Colin Wood for the NetBSD
     Project.
     This product includes software developed by Colin Wood.
     This product includes software developed by Cybernet Corporation and Nan
     Yang Computer Services Limited
     This product includes software developed by Daishi Kato
     This product includes software developed by Dale Rahn.
     This product includes software developed by Daniel Widenfalk and Michael
     L. Hitch.
     This product includes software developed by Daniel Widenfalk for the
     NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Darrin B. Jewell
     This product includes software developed by David Miller.
     This product includes software developed by Dean Huxley.
     This product includes software developed by Eduardo Horvath.
     This product includes software developed by Eric S. Hvozda.
     This product includes software developed by Eric S. Raymond
     This product includes software developed by Eric Young (eay@@min-
     com.oz.au)
     This product includes software developed by Eric Young (eay@crypt-
     soft.com)
     This product includes software developed by Eric Young (eay@mincom.oz.au)
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story and  by Kari Met-
     tinen.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by Kari Mettinen
     and by Bernd Ernesti.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by Kari Mettinen,
     Michael Teske and by Bernd Ernesti.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by Kari Mettinen,
     and Michael Teske.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story.
     This product includes software developed by Frank van der Linden for the
     NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Gardner Buchanan.
     This product includes software developed by Gary Thomas.
     This product includes software developed by Gordon Ross
     This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross
     This product includes software developed by HAYAKAWA Koichi.
     This product includes software developed by Harvard University and its
     contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Harvard University.
     This product includes software developed by Herb Peyerl.
     This product includes software developed by Hubert Feyrer for the NetBSD
     Project.
     This product includes software developed by Iain Hibbert
     This product includes software developed by Ian F. Darwin and others.
     This product includes software developed by Ian W. Dall.
     This product includes software developed by Ichiro FUKUHARA.
     This product includes software developed by Ignatios Souvatzis for the
     NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Internet Initiative Japan
     Inc.
     This product includes software developed by James R. Maynard III.
     This product includes software developed by Jared D. McNeill.
     This product includes software developed by Jason L. Wright
     This product includes software developed by Jason R. Thorpe for And Com-
     munications, http://www.and.com/
     This product includes software developed by Joachim Koenig-Baltes.
     This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for The NetBSD
     Project.
     This product includes software developed by Joerg Wunsch
     This product includes software developed by John Birrell.
     This product includes software developed by John P. Wittkoski.
     This product includes software developed by John Polstra.
     This product includes software developed by Jonathan R. Stone for the
     NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone and Jason R.
     Thorpe for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone.
     This product includes software developed by Jukka Marin.
     This product includes software developed by Julian Highfield.
     This product includes software developed by Kazuhisa Shimizu.
     This product includes software developed by Kazuki Sakamoto.
     This product includes software developed by Kenneth Stailey.
     This product includes software developed by Kiyoshi Ikehara.
     This product includes software developed by Klaus Burkert,by Bernd
     Ernesti, by Michael van Elst, and by the University of California, Berke-
     ley and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by LAN Media Corporation and its
     contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman for the NetBSD
     Project.
     This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman.
     This product includes software developed by Lloyd Parkes.
     This product includes software developed by Luke Mewburn.
     This product includes software developed by Lutz Vieweg.
     This product includes software developed by MINOURA Makoto, Takuya
     Harakawa.
     This product includes software developed by Manuel Bouyer.
     This product includes software developed by Marc Horowitz.
     This product includes software developed by Marcus Comstedt.
     This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe for the
     NetBSD project.
     This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe.
     This product includes software developed by Mark Murray
     This product includes software developed by Mark Tinguely and Jim Lowe
     This product includes software developed by Markus Wild.
     This product includes software developed by Martin Husemann and Wolfgang
     Solfrank.
     This product includes software developed by Masanobu Saitoh.
     This product includes software developed by Masaru Oki.
     This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson and Charles D.
     Cranor.
     This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson.
     This product includes software developed by Matt DeBergalis
     This product includes software developed by Matthew Fredette.
     This product includes software developed by Matthias Pfaller.
     This product includes software developed by Michael Graff for the NetBSD
     Project.
     This product includes software developed by Michael Graff.
     This product includes software developed by Michael L. Hitch.
     This product includes software developed by Michael Shalayeff.
     This product includes software developed by Michael Smith.
     This product includes software developed by Mike Glover and contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Mike Pritchard.
     This product includes software developed by Minoura Makoto.
     This product includes software developed by Nan Yang Computer Services
     Limited.
     This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.
     This product includes software developed by Niklas Hallqvist, Brandon
     Creighton and Job de Haas.
     This product includes software developed by Niklas Hallqvist.
     This product includes software developed by Onno van der Linden.
     This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg.
     This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras.
     This product includes software developed by Per Fogelstrom
     This product includes software developed by Peter Galbavy.
     This product includes software developed by Phase One, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nelson.
     This product includes software developed by Philip L. Budne.
     This product includes software developed by RiscBSD.
     This product includes software developed by Roar Thronaes.
     This product includes software developed by Rodney W. Grimes.
     This product includes software developed by Roger Hardiman
     This product includes software developed by Roland C. Dowdeswell.
     This product includes software developed by Rolf Grossmann.
     This product includes software developed by Ross Harvey for the NetBSD
     Project.
     This product includes software developed by Ross Harvey.
     This product includes software developed by Scott Bartram.
     This product includes software developed by Scott Stevens.
     This product includes software developed by Shingo WATANABE.
     This product includes software developed by Softweyr LLC, the University
     of California, Berkeley, and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Soren S. Jorvang.
     This product includes software developed by Stephan Thesing.
     This product includes software developed by Steve Woodford.
     This product includes software developed by Takashi Hamada
     This product includes software developed by Takumi Nakamura.
     This product includes software developed by Tatoku Ogaito for the NetBSD
     Project.
     This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert.
     This product includes software developed by Tetsuya Isaki.
     This product includes software developed by Thomas Gerner
     This product includes software developed by Thomas Klausner for the
     NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Tobias Weingartner.
     This product includes software developed by Todd C. Miller.
     This product includes software developed by Tohru Nishimura and Reinoud
     Zandijk for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Tohru Nishimura for the
     NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Tohru Nishimura.  for the
     NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH.
     This product includes software developed by Toru Nishimura.
     This product includes software developed by Trimble Navigation, Ltd.
     This product includes software developed by WIDE Project and its contrib-
     utors.
     This product includes software developed by Waldi Ravens.
     This product includes software developed by Wasabi Systems for Zembu
     Labs, Inc. http://www.zembu.com/
     This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Wolfgang Solfrank.
     This product includes software developed by Yasushi Yamasaki
     This product includes software developed by Zembu Labs, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by the Alice Group.
     This product includes software developed by the Center for Software Sci-
     ence at the University of Utah.
     This product includes software developed by the Charles D. Cranor, Wash-
     ington University, University of California, Berkeley and its contribu-
     tors.
     This product includes software developed by the Computer Systems Engi-
     neering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by the David Muir Sharnoff.
     This product includes software developed by the Harvard University and
     its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the Kungliga Tekniska
     Hogskolan and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the Network Research Group at
     Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use
     in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)
     This product includes software developed by the PocketBSD project and its
     contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD kernel team
     This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD team.
     This product includes software developed by the SMCC Technology Develop-
     ment Group at Sun Microsystems, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by the University of California,
     Berkeley and its contributors, as well as the Trustees of Columbia Uni-
     versity.
     This product includes software developed by the University of California,
     Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the University of California,
     Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by the University of Illinois at
     Urbana and their contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and
     State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman.
     This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and
     State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman, by William F.  Jolitz,
     and by the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Labora-
     tory, and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD project
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Bernd
     Ernesti.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Christopher G. Demetriou.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Chris-
     tos Zoulas
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Emmanuel Dreyfus.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Frank
     van der Linden
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Igna-
     tios Souvatzis.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jason
     R. Thorpe.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by John
     M. Vinopal.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Matthias Drochner.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Michael L. Hitch.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Perry
     E. Metzger.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Scott
     Bartram and Frank van der Linden
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Alle-
     gro Networks, Inc., and Wasabi Systems, Inc.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Genetec Corporation.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Jonathan Stone.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Pier-
     mont Information Systems Inc.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by SUNET,
     Swedish University Computer Network.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Shigeyuki Fukushima.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Wasabi
     Systems, Inc.
     This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom
     Opsycon AB for RTMX Inc, North Carolina, USA.
     This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom.
     This software is a component of "386BSD" developed by William F. Jolitz,
     TeleMuse.
     This software was developed by Holger Veit and Brian Moore for use with
     "386BSD" and similar operating systems.  "Similar operating systems"
     includes mainly non-profit oriented systems for research and education,
     including but not restricted to "NetBSD", "FreeBSD", "Mach" (by CMU).
     This software includes software developed by the Computer Systems Labora-
     tory at the University of Utah.
     This product includes software developed by Computing Services at
     Carnegie Mellon University (http://www.cmu.edu/computing/).
     This product includes software developed by Marshall M. Midden.
     This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera Interna-
     tional, Inc.
     The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group,
     have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation.

     In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions
     of the system documentation.

     Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in
     NetBSD, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information
     Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group
     Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of
     Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.  In the
     event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and
     The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is
     the referee document.

     The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.open-
     group.org/unix/online.html.

     This notice shall appear on any product containing this material

   The End
NetBSD                          August 22, 2004                         NetBSD