INSTALL(8)              NetBSD System Manager's Manual              INSTALL(8)

NAME
     INSTALL -- Installation procedure for NetBSD/evbarm.

CONTENTS
      About this Document............................................2
      What is NetBSD?................................................2
      Changes Between The NetBSD 5.0 and 6.0 Releases................3
      Features to be removed in a later release......................3
      The NetBSD Foundation..........................................3
      Sources of NetBSD..............................................3
      NetBSD 6.99.23 Release Contents................................3
         NetBSD/evbarm subdirectory structure........................4
         Binary distribution sets....................................5
      NetBSD/evbarm System Requirements and Supported Devices........6
         Supported devices (Technologic Systems TS-7200).............6
            TS-5620 Real Time Clock..................................6
            Serial ports.............................................6
            Ethernet adapters........................................7
            Other on-board functions.................................7
         Supported devices (ARM, Ltd. Integrator)....................7
            PrimeCell PL030 Real Time Clock..........................7
            Serial ports.............................................7
            SCSI host adapters.......................................7
            Ethernet adapters........................................7
         Supported devices (Intel IQ80310)...........................7
            Serial ports.............................................7
            Ethernet adapters........................................7
            i80312 Companion I/O functions...........................7
         Supported devices (Intel IQ80321)...........................7
            Serial ports.............................................7
            Ethernet adapters........................................7
            i80321 I/O Processor functions...........................7
         Supported devices (Team ASA Npwr)...........................8
            Serial ports.............................................8
            SCSI host adapters.......................................8
            Ethernet adapters........................................8
         Supported devices (Intel IXM1200)...........................8
            Serial ports.............................................8
            Ethernet adapters........................................8
         Supported devices (Samsung SMDK2800)........................8
            Serial ports.............................................8
         Supported devices (ADI BRH).................................8
            Serial ports.............................................8
            Ethernet adapters........................................8
         Supported devices (Arcom Viper).............................8
            Serial ports.............................................8
            Ethernet adapters........................................8
      Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media...................8
      Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................10
         Preparation for the Technologic Systems TS-7200............10
         Preparation for the Intel IQ80310..........................11
         Preparation for the Intel IQ80321..........................13
      Installing the NetBSD System..................................14
         Installation for the Technologic Systems TS-7200...........14
         Installation for the Intel IQ80310.........................15
         Installation for the Intel IQ80321.........................16
      Post installation steps.......................................18
      Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................20
      Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............20
         Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 5.x releases.......21
         Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 4.x releases.......21
      Using online NetBSD documentation.............................22
      Administrivia.................................................22
      Thanks go to..................................................23
      We are........................................................23
      Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................29
      The End.......................................................34

DESCRIPTION
   About this Document
     This document describes the installation procedure for NetBSD 6.99.23 on
     the evbarm platform.  It is available in four different formats titled
     INSTALL.ext, where .ext is one of .ps, .html, .more, or .txt:

           .ps     PostScript.

           .html   Standard Internet HTML.

           .more   The enhanced text format used on UNIX-like systems by the
                   more(1) and less(1) pager utility programs.  This is the
                   format in which the on-line man pages are generally pre-
                   sented.

           .txt    Plain old ASCII.

     You are reading the ASCII version.

   What is NetBSD?
     The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like
     operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Net-
     working Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources.  NetBSD
     runs on 57 different system architectures (ports) across 15 distinct CPU
     families, and is being ported to more.  The NetBSD 6.99.23 release con-
     tains complete binary releases for many different system architectures.
     (A few ports are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part
     of the binary distribution.  Please see the NetBSD web site at
     http://www.NetBSD.org/ for information on them.)

     NetBSD is a completely integrated system.  In addition to its highly por-
     table, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user
     utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall
     software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.

     NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community.  Without
     the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's
     likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist.

   Changes Between The NetBSD 5.0 and 6.0 Releases
     The NetBSD 6.99.23 release provides numerous significant functional
     enhancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hun-
     dreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land
     enhancements.  The result of these improvements is a stable operating
     system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available
     systems.

     It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that
     went into the NetBSD 6.99.23 release.  The complete list of changes can
     be found in the CHANGES:
           http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-6.0/CHANGES
     and CHANGES-6.0:
           http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-6.0/CHANGES-6.0
     files in the top level directory of the NetBSD 6.0 release tree.

   Features to be removed in a later release
     The following features are to be removed from NetBSD in the future:

     o   dhclient(8) and rtsol(8) in favor of dhcpcd(8).

     o   groff(1) is being phased out.  Man pages are handled with mandoc(1),
         and groff(1) can still be found in pkgsrc as textproc/groff.

     o   kame_ipsec(4) has been replaced by fast_ipsec(4).  The option to use
         the old implementation (see options(4)) will be removed in the next
         NetBSD release.

   The NetBSD Foundation
     The NetBSD Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corpora-
     tion that devotes itself to the traditional goals and Spirit of the
     NetBSD Project and owns the trademark of the word ``NetBSD''.  It sup-
     ports the design, development, and adoption of NetBSD worldwide.  More
     information on the NetBSD Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can
     be found at:
           http://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/

   Sources of NetBSD
     Refer to
           http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/

   NetBSD 6.99.23 Release Contents
     The root directory of the NetBSD 6.99.23 release is organized as follows:

     .../NetBSD-6.99.23/

     CHANGES       Changes between the 5.0 and 6.0 releases.

     CHANGES-6.0   Changes between the initial 6.0 branch and final release of
                   6.0.

     CHANGES.prev  Changes in previous NetBSD releases.

     LAST_MINUTE   Last minute changes and notes about the release.

     README.files  README describing the distribution's contents.

     source/       Source distribution sets; see below.

     In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one
     directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which
     NetBSD 6.99.23 has a binary distribution.

     The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the source
     subdirectory of the distribution tree.  They contain the complete sources
     to the system.  The source distribution sets are as follows:

     gnusrc    This set contains the ``gnu'' sources, including the source for
               the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in
               the binary distribution sets.

     sharesrc  This set contains the ``share'' sources, which include the
               sources for the man pages not associated with any particular
               program; the sources for the typesettable document set; the
               dictionaries; and more.

     src       This set contains all of the base NetBSD 6.99.23 sources which
               are not in gnusrc, sharesrc, or syssrc.

     syssrc    This set contains the sources to the NetBSD 6.99.23 kernel for
               all architectures as well as the config(1) utility.

     xsrc      This set contains the sources to the X Window System.

     All the above source sets are located in the source/sets subdirectory of
     the distribution tree.

     The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.  Except for the
     pkgsrc set, which is traditionally unpacked into /usr/pkgsrc, all sets
     may be unpacked into /usr/src with the command:
           # cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.tgz

     In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which
     contain the checksums of the files in the directory:

           MD5     MD5 digests in the format produced by the command:
                   cksum -a MD5 file.

           SHA512  SHA512 digests in the format produced by the command:
                   cksum -a SHA512 file.

     The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a
     wider range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release
     files.

     NetBSD/evbarm subdirectory structure

     The evbarm-specific portion of the NetBSD 6.99.23 release is found in the
     evbarm subdirectory of the distribution: .../NetBSD-6.99.23/evbarm/.  It
     contains the following files and directories:

     INSTALL.html
     INSTALL.ps
     INSTALL.txt
     INSTALL.more  Installation notes in various file formats, including this
                   file.  The .more file contains underlined text using the
                   more(1) conventions for indicating italic and bold display.
     binary/
                   kernel/
                            netbsd-GENERIC.gz
                                       A gzipped NetBSD kernel containing code
                                       for everything supported in this
                                       release.
                   sets/    evbarm binary distribution sets; see below.
     installation/
                   misc/      Miscellaneous evbarm installation utilities; see
                              installation section below.

     Binary distribution sets

     The NetBSD evbarm binary distribution sets contain the binaries which
     comprise the NetBSD 6.99.23 release for evbarm.  The binary distribution
     sets can be found in the evbarm/binary/sets subdirectory of the NetBSD
     6.99.23 distribution tree, and are as follows:

     base     The NetBSD 6.99.23 evbarm base binary distribution.  You must
              install this distribution set.  It contains the base NetBSD
              utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be mini-
              mally functional.

     comp     Things needed for compiling programs.  This set includes the
              system include files (/usr/include) and the various system
              libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as
              part of the base set).  This set also includes the manual pages
              for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call
              and library manual pages.

     etc      This distribution set contains the system configuration files
              that reside in /etc and in several other places.  This set must
              be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but
              should not be used if you are upgrading.

     games    This set includes the games and their manual pages.

     kern-INTEGRATOR
              (see below)

     kern-IQ80310
              (see below)

     kern-IQ80321
              (see below)

     kern-TEAMASA_NPWR

              These sets contain a NetBSD/evbarm 6.99.23 kernel, named
              /netbsd.  Some of these sets also contain a binary format kernel
              named /netbsd.bin and an S-record format kernel named
              /netbsd.srec that your firmware may need to boot.  You must
              install the kernel that matches your hardware.

     man      This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and
              other software contained in the base set.  Note that it does not
              include any of the manual pages that are included in the other
              sets.

     misc     This set includes the system dictionaries, the typesettable doc-
              ument set, and other files from /usr/share.

     text     This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools, including
              groff(1), all related programs, and their manual pages.

     NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order
     to assure tight integration and compatibility.  These sources are based
     on X.Org.  Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with
     NetBSD.  The sets are:

     xbase    The basic files needed for a complete X client environment.
              This does not include the X servers.

     xcomp    The extra libraries and include files needed to compile X source
              code.

     xfont    Fonts needed by the X server and by X clients.

     xetc     Configuration files for X which could be locally modified.

     xserver  The X server.

     The evbarm binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files
     named with the extension .tgz, e.g.  base.tgz.

     The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally well
     for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that method,
     the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore the files are
     extracted below the current directory.  Therefore, if you want to extract
     the binaries into your system, i.e.  replace the system binaries with
     them, you have to run the tar -xzpf command from the root directory ( / )
     of your system.

     Note:  Each directory in the evbarm binary distribution also has its own
            checksum files, just as the source distribution does.

   NetBSD/evbarm System Requirements and Supported Devices
     NetBSD 6.99.23 runs on the following ARM architecture evaluation boards:

           o   Technologic Systems TS-7200

           o   ARM, Ltd. Integrator

           o   Intel IQ80310

           o   Intel IQ80321

           o   Team ASA, Inc. Npwr

           o   Intel IXM1200

           o   Samsung SMDK2800

           o   ADI Engineering, Inc. BRH ("Big Red Head")

           o   Arcom Viper

     Supported devices (Technologic Systems TS-7200)

     For devices that have machine-independent drivers, this is not an exhaus-
     tive list, but merely reflects the devices that have been tested on this
     platform.

           o   TS-5620 Real Time Clock

           o   Serial ports
               -   On-chip EP9302 UARTs
               -   TS-SER1, TS-SER2, TS-SER4 PC/104 serial adapters
               -   TS-MODEM, TS-MODEM2 PC/104 land-line/cellular modems

           o   Ethernet adapters
               -   On-chip EP9302 10/100 ethernet
               -   TS-ETH10 PC/104 expansion ethernet adapters

           o   Other on-board functions
               -   CompactFlash socket
               -   USB OHCI host
               -   Text-mode HD44780 LCD display header
               -   Matrix keypad/GPIO header
               -   Board temperature sensor and watchdog timer

     Supported devices (ARM, Ltd. Integrator)

     For devices that have machine-independent drivers, this is not an exhaus-
     tive list, but merely reflects the devices that have been tested on this
     platform.

           o   PrimeCell PL030 Real Time Clock

           o   Serial ports
               -   PrimeCell PL010 UART

           o   SCSI host adapters
               -   Adaptec AHA-2910, 2915, 2920, and 2930C adapters.
               -   Adaptec AHA-2x4x[U][2][W] cards and onboard PCI designs
                   using the AIC-7770, AIC-7850, AIC-7860, AIC-7870, AIC-7880
                   and AIC-789x chipsets.
               -   Adaptec AHA-394x[U][W] cards [b]
               -   Adaptec AHA-3950U2 cards
               -   Adaptec AHA-3960, 19160 and 29160 Ultra-160 adapters

           o   Ethernet adapters
               -   Intel i82557, i82558, i82559, i82550

     Supported devices (Intel IQ80310)

     For devices that have machine-independent drivers, this is not an exhaus-
     tive list, but merely reflects the devices that have been tested on this
     platform.

           o   Serial ports
               -   On-board ST16c550 UARTs

           o   Ethernet adapters
               -   Intel i82557, i82558, i82559, i82550

           o   i80312 Companion I/O functions
               -   General Purpose I/O unit

     Supported devices (Intel IQ80321)

     For devices that have machine-independent drivers, this is not an exhaus-
     tive list, but merely reflects the devices that have been tested on this
     platform.

           o   Serial ports
               -   On-board TI 16550 UART

           o   Ethernet adapters
               -   Intel i82542, i82543, i85244 Gigabit Ethernet

           o   i80321 I/O Processor functions
               -   Application Accelerator Unit
               -   Watchdog timer

     Supported devices (Team ASA Npwr)

     The Npwr is a storage appliance based on the Intel IOP310 I/O processor
     chipset.  This is an exhaustive list of devices supported on the Npwr as
     the Npwr has no expansion capability.

     o   Serial ports
         -   On-board TI 16550 UART

     o   SCSI host adapters

         -   On-board LSI Logic 53c1010 Ultra160 SCSI adapter

     o   Ethernet adapters

         -   On-board Intel i82544 Gigabit Ethernet

     Supported devices (Intel IXM1200)

     For devices that have machine-independent drivers, this is not an exhaus-
     tive list, but merely reflects the devices that have been tested on this
     platform.

           o   Serial ports
               -   IXP1200 on-chip serial port

           o   Ethernet adapters
               -   Intel i82557, i82558, i82559, i82550

     Supported devices (Samsung SMDK2800)

     For devices that have machine-independent drivers, this is not an exhaus-
     tive list, but merely reflects the devices that have been tested on this
     platform.

           o   Serial ports
               -   S3C2800 on-chip serial ports

     Supported devices (ADI BRH)

     For devices that have machine-independent drivers, this is not an exhaus-
     tive list, but merely reflects the devices that have been tested on this
     platform.

           o   Serial ports
               -   On-board TI 16752 DUART

           o   Ethernet adapters
               -   Intel i82557, i82558, i82559, i82550
               -   Intel i82544, i82546 Gigabit Ethernet

     Supported devices (Arcom Viper)

     Current this is an exhaustive list, since expansion ports such as PC/104
     and USB are not yet supported.

           o   Serial ports
               -   On-chip PXA255 UARTs
               Ethernet adapters
               -   On-board SMC91C111

   Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media
     Installation is supported from several media types, including:

           o   CD-ROM / DVD
           o   FTP
           o   Remote NFS partition
           o   Tape
           o   Existing NetBSD partitions, if performing an upgrade

     The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation
     depend upon which installation medium you choose.  The steps for the var-
     ious media are outlined below.

     CD-ROM / DVD  Find out where the distribution set files are on the CD-ROM
                   or DVD.  Likely locations are binary/sets and
                   evbarm/binary/sets.

                   Proceed to the instructions on installation.

     FTP           The preparations for this installation/upgrade method are
                   easy; all you need to do is make sure that there's an FTP
                   site from which you can retrieve the NetBSD distribution
                   when you're about to install or upgrade.  If you don't have
                   DHCP available on your network, you will need to know the
                   numeric IP address of that site, and, if it's not on a net-
                   work directly connected to the machine on which you're
                   installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the
                   numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD
                   machine.  Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address
                   of the NetBSD machine itself.

                   Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next
                   step in the installation or upgrade process.  If you're
                   installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on pre-
                   paring your hard disk, below.  If you're upgrading an
                   existing installation, go directly to the section on
                   upgrading.

     NFS           Place the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install into
                   a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory
                   mountable by the machine on which you are installing or
                   upgrading NetBSD.  This will probably require modifying the
                   /etc/exports file on the NFS server and resetting its mount
                   daemon (mountd).  (Both of these actions will probably
                   require superuser privileges on the server.)

                   You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server,
                   and, if you don't have DHCP available on your network and
                   the server is not on a network directly connected to the
                   machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you
                   need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest
                   to the NetBSD machine.  Finally, you need to know the
                   numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself.

                   Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the
                   information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next
                   step in the installation or upgrade process.  If you're
                   installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on pre-
                   paring your hard disk, below.  If you're upgrading an
                   existing installation, go directly to the section on
                   upgrading.

     Tape          To install NetBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that
                   contains the distribution set files, in `tar' format.

                   If you're making the tape on a UNIX-like system, the easi-
                   est way to do so is probably something like:

                         # tar -cf tape_device dist_directories

                   where tape_device is the name of the tape device that
                   describes the tape drive you're using; possibly /dev/rst0,
                   or something similar, but it will vary from system to sys-
                   tem.  (If you can't figure it out, ask your system adminis-
                   trator.)  In the above example, dist_directories are the
                   distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets
                   you wish to place on the tape.  For instance, to put the
                   kern-GENERIC, base, and etc distributions on tape (in order
                   to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk), you
                   would do the following:

                         # cd .../NetBSD-6.99.23
                         # cd evbarm/binary
                         # tar -cf tape_device kern-GENERIC base etc

                   Note:  You still need to fill in tape_device in the
                          example.

                   Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the
                   next step in the installation or upgrade process.  If
                   you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on
                   preparing your hard disk, below.  If you're upgrading an
                   existing installation, go directly to the section on
                   upgrading.

   Preparing your System for NetBSD installation
     First and foremost, before beginning the installation process, make sure
     you have a reliable backup of any data on the target system that you wish
     to keep.  Mistakes in partitioning may lead to data loss.

     Preparation for the Technologic Systems TS-7200

     The TS-7200 uses RedBoot firmware which supports loading the kernel via
     serial port and the on-chip Ethernet.  These notes assume that the Ether-
     net will be used to load the kernel.  RedBoot can either use TFTP or HTTP
     to load the kernel via the network.

     These notes also assume the TS-7200 will be run from the CompactFlash;
     that a FFS filesystem on the CompactFlash card will provide the root file
     system.  The minimum size of the CompactFlash card is 64MB with 512MB
     being the recommended minimum size if attempting a full installation.

     The first step to install NetBSD is to interrupt normal system bootup and
     drop to the RedBoot prompt by hitting Ctrl-C immediately after applying
     power.  To load both the installation kernel and the generic post-instal-
     lation TS7200 kernel you will need network connectivity from RedBoot
     which you will have to configure using the RedBoot fconfig command; see
     the RedBoot documentation for more information.

     A compressed kernel image and loader suitable for placing into flash is
     provided with the distribution.  Use of this image is optional; a kernel
     that can be directly loaded over the network by RedBoot is also provided.

     The image for the TS-7200 can be found under the NetBSD/evbarm 6.99.23
     distribution directory in
     evbarm/binary/gzimg/gzimg_TS7200_flash_0x60660000.gz, and corresponds to
     the kernel in evbarm/binary/kernel/netbsd-TS7200.gz.  The following steps
     describe how to copy the compressed kernel image into flash.

     1.   Uncompress the gzimg file and place it into the TFTP server's down-
          load area (note, the kernel inside the gzimg is still compressed
          after this step).

                server# gzcat gzimg_TS7200_flash_0x60660000.gz >
                /tftpboot/gzimg_TS7200_flash_0x60660000

     2.   Load the gzimg from the TFTP server.

          RedBoot> load -r -b 0x00200000 gzimg_TS7200_flash_0x60660000
          Raw file loaded 0x00200000-0x00605fe0

     3.   Use the RedBoot fis command to copy the image into flash.  For more
          information on the RedBoot Flash Image System, see the RedBoot docu-
          mentation.  The factory default Linux image may already be present
          in flash and must be deleted before continuing.

          RedBoot> fis delete vmlinux
          RedBoot> fis create -b 0x00200000 -f 0x60660000 -l 0x00160000 netbsd.gz

     Once the compressed kernel image has been copied into flash, it may be
     started by jumping to the flash address of the image:

     RedBoot> g 0x60660000

     Preparation for the Intel IQ80310

     The IQ80310 uses RedBoot firmware from Red Hat, Inc.  RedBoot supports
     loading the kernel via the serial port and the on-board Ethernet.  These
     notes assume that the Ethernet will be used to load the kernel.  RedBoot
     uses the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) to load the kernel via the
     network.

     These notes also assume that the IQ80310 will be run as a diskless sys-
     tem; that an NFS server will provide the root file system.  The NetBSD
     kernel uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to obtain net-
     work address and root file system information.

     The first step is to configure your DHCP, NFS, and TFTP server software.
     You will need the MAC address for the on-board Ethernet, which RedBoot
     can provide; see the RedBoot documentation for more information.

     The next step is to configure RedBoot to obtain its IP address from your
     DHCP server; see the RedBoot documentation for more information.

     Once your DHCP server and RedBoot are properly configured, you should see
     information similar to the following when the IQ80310 is reset or pow-
     ered-up:

     RedBoot(tm) debug environment - built 17:16:14, Feb 12 2001
     Platform: IQ80310 (XScale)
     Copyright (C) 2000, Red Hat, Inc.

     RAM: 0xa0000000-0xa2000000
     FLASH: 0x00000000 - 0x00800000, 64 blocks of 0x00020000 bytes each.
     IP: 192.168.0.10, Default server: 192.168.0.1
     RedBoot>

     A compressed kernel image and loader suitable for placing into flash is
     provided with the distribution.  Use of this image is optional; a kernel
     that can be directly loaded over the network by RedBoot is also provided.

     The image for the IQ80310 can be found under the NetBSD/evbarm 6.99.23
     distribution directory in
     evbarm/binary/gzimg/gzimg_IQ80310_flash_0x00080000.gz, and corresponds to
     the kernel in evbarm/binary/kernel/netbsd-IQ80310.gz.  The following
     steps describe how to copy the compressed kernel image into flash.

     1.   Uncompress the gzimg file and place it into the TFTP server's down-
          load area (note, the kernel inside the gzimg is still compressed
          after this step).

                server# gzcat gzimg_IQ80310_flash_0x00080000.gz >
                /tftpboot/gzimg_IQ80310_flash_0x00080000

     2.   Load the gzimg from the TFTP server.

          RedBoot> load -r -b 0xa0200000 gzimg_IQ80310_flash_0x00080000
          Raw file loaded 0xa0200000-0xa0305fe0

     3.   Use the RedBoot fis command to copy the image into flash.  For more
          information on the RedBoot Flash Image System, see the RedBoot docu-
          mentation.

          RedBoot> fis create -b 0xa0200000 -f 0x00080000 -l 0x00200000 netbsd.gz
          ... Erase from 0x00080000-0x00280000: ....................
          ... Program from 0xa0200000-0xa0400000 at 0x00080000: ....................
          ... Unlock from 0x007e0000-0x00800000:.
          ... Erase from 0x007e0000-0x00800000:.
          ... Program from 0xa1fd0000-0xa1ff0000 at 0x007e0000:.
          ... Lock from 0x007e0000-0x00800000:.

     Once the compressed kernel image has been copied into flash, it may be
     started by jumping to the flash address of the image:

     RedBoot> g 0x00080000

     >> NetBSD/IQ80310 Gzip Boot, Revision 1.1
     >> (root@tgm, Thu Mar 28 18:32:45 PST 2002)
     >> RAM 0xa0000000 - 0xafffffff, heap at 0xaffd0000
     >> Load address: 0xa0200000
     >> Image size: 741244
     Uncompressing image...done.
     Jumping to image @ 0xa0200000...

     NetBSD/evbarm (IQ80310) booting ...
     Resetting secondary PCI bus...
     initarm: Configuring system ...
     physmemory: 65536 pages at 0xa0000000 -> 0xafffffff
     init subsystems: stacks vectors undefined pmap irq done.
     [ using 155084 bytes of netbsd ELF symbol table ]
     Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
         The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.  All rights reserved.
     Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.

     NetBSD 1.5ZC (IQ80310) #20: Fri Mar 29 10:25:53 PST 2002
         root@tgm:/u1/netbsd/src/sys/arch/evbarm/compile/IQ80310
     total memory = 256 MB
     avail memory = 232 MB
     using 1228 buffers containing 13208 KB of memory
     mainbus0 (root)
     cpu0 at mainbus0: i80200 step A-0 (XScale core)
     cpu0: DC enabled IC enabled WB enabled LABT
     cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way Instruction cache
     cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way write-back-locking Data cache
     obio0 at mainbus0: board rev. F, CPLD rev. D, backplane present
     com0 at obio0 addr 0xfe810000: ns16550a, working fifo
     com0: console
     com1 at obio0 addr 0xfe800000: ns16550a, working fifo
     iopxs0 at mainbus0: i80312 Companion I/O, acting as PCI host
     iopxs0: configuring Secondary PCI bus
     pci0 at iopxs0 bus 1
     pci0: i/o space, memory space enabled
     ppb0 at pci0 dev 7 function 0: Digital Equipment DECchip 21154 PCI-PCI Bridge (rev. 0x05)
     pci1 at ppb0 bus 2
     pci1: i/o space, memory space enabled
     fxp0 at pci1 dev 0 function 0: i82559S Ethernet, rev 9
     fxp0: interrupting at iq80310 irq 1
     fxp0: Ethernet address 00:80:4d:46:0b:b9
     inphy0 at fxp0 phy 1: i82555 10/100 media interface, rev. 4
     inphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto
     clock: hz=100 stathz=0 profhz=0
     boot device: <unknown>
     root device:

     Preparation for the Intel IQ80321

     The IQ80321 uses RedBoot firmware from Red Hat, Inc.  RedBoot supports
     loading the kernel via the serial port and the on-board Ethernet.  These
     notes assume that the Ethernet will be used to load the kernel.  RedBoot
     uses the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) to load the kernel via the
     network.

     These notes also assume that the IQ80321 will be run as a diskless sys-
     tem; that an NFS server will provide the root file system.  The NetBSD
     kernel uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to obtain net-
     work address and root file system information.

     The first step is to configure your DHCP, NFS, and TFTP server software.
     You will need the MAC address for the on-board Ethernet, which RedBoot
     can provide; see the RedBoot documentation for more information.

     The next step is to configure RedBoot to obtain its IP address from your
     DHCP server; see the RedBoot documentation for more information.

     Once your DHCP server and RedBoot are properly configured, you should see
     information similar to the following when the IQ80321 is reset or pow-
     ered-up:

     Ethernet eth0: MAC address 00:07:e9:03:38:40
     IP: 192.168.0.11, Default server: 192.168.0.1

     RedBoot(tm) bootstrap and debug environment [ROM]
     Non-certified release, version UNKNOWN - built 11:21:56, Feb  1 2002

     Platform: IQ80321 (XScale)
     Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, Red Hat, Inc.

     RAM: 0x00000000-0x08000000, 0x00017008-0x01ddd000 available
     FLASH: 0xf0000000 - 0xf0800000, 64 blocks of 0x00020000 bytes each.
     RedBoot>

     A compressed kernel image and loader suitable for placing into flash is
     provided with the distribution.  Use of this image is optional; a kernel
     that can be directly loaded over the network by RedBoot is also provided.

     The image for the IQ80321 can be found under the NetBSD/evbarm 6.99.23
     distribution directory in
     evbarm/binary/gzimg/gzimg_IQ80321_flash_0xf0080000.gz, and corresponds to
     the kernel in evbarm/binary/kernel/netbsd-IQ80321.gz.  The following
     steps describe how to copy the compressed kernel image into flash.

     1.   Uncompress the gzimg file and place it into the TFTP server's down-
          load area (note, the kernel inside the gzimg is still compressed
          after this step).

                server# gzcat gzimg_IQ80321_flash_0xf0080000.gz >
                /tftpboot/gzimg_IQ80321_flash_0xf0080000

     2.   Load the gzimg from the TFTP server.

          RedBoot> load -r -b 0x00200000 gzimg_IQ80321_flash_0xf0080000
          Raw file loaded 0x00200000-0x00305fe4

     3.   Use the RedBoot fis command to copy the image into flash.  For more
          information on the RedBoot Flash Image System, see the RedBoot docu-
          mentation.

          RedBoot> fis create -b 0x00200000 -f 0xf0080000 -l 0x00200000 netbsd.gz
          * CAUTION * about to program 'netbsd.gz'
                      at 0xf0080000..0xf027ffff from 0x00200000 - are you sure (y/n)? y
          ... Erase from 0xf0080000-0xf0280000: .......................
          ... Program from 0x00200000-0x00400000 at 0xf0080000: ......................
          ... Unlock from 0xf07e0000-0xf0800000:.
          ... Erase from 0xf07e0000-0xf0800000:.
          ... Program from 0x01ddf000-0x01dff000 at 0xf07e0000:.
          ... Lock from 0xf07e0000-0xf0800000:.

     Once the compressed kernel image has been copied into flash, it may be
     started by jumping to the flash address of the image:

     RedBoot> g 0xf0080000

     >> NetBSD/IQ80321 Gzip Boot, Revision 1.1
     >> (root@tgm, Thu Mar 28 18:32:45 PST 2002)
     >> RAM 0xa0000000 - 0xa7ffffff, heap at 0xa7fd0000
     >> Load address: 0xa0200000
     >> Image size: 739495
     Uncompressing image...done.
     Jumping to image @ 0xa0200000...

     NetBSD/evbarm (IQ80321) booting ...
     initarm: Configuring system ...
     physmemory: 32768 pages at 0xa0000000 -> 0xa7ffffff
     init subsystems: stacks vectors undefined pmap irq done.
     [ using 155076 bytes of netbsd ELF symbol table ]
     Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
         The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.  All rights reserved.
     Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.

     NetBSD 1.5ZC (IQ80321) #1: Thu Mar 28 18:31:58 PST 2002
         root@tgm:/u1/netbsd/src/sys/arch/evbarm/compile/IQ80321
     total memory = 128 MB
     avail memory = 113 MB
     using 1228 buffers containing 6656 KB of memory
     mainbus0 (root)
     cpu0 at mainbus0: i80321 step A-0 (XScale core)
     cpu0: DC enabled IC enabled WB enabled LABT
     cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way Instruction cache
     cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way write-back-locking Data cache
     obio0 at mainbus0
     com0 at obio0 addr 0xfe800000: ns16550a, working fifo
     com0: console
     iopxs0 at mainbus0: i80321 I/O Processor, acting as PCI host
     iopxs0: configuring PCI bus
     pci0 at iopxs0 bus 0
     pci0: i/o space, memory space enabled, rd/line, rd/mult, wr/inv ok
     wm0 at pci0 dev 4 function 0: Intel i82544 1000BASE-T Ethernet, rev. 2
     wm0: interrupting at iop321 irq 27
     wm0: Ethernet address 00:07:e9:03:38:40
     makphy0 at wm0 phy 1: Marvell 88E1000 Gigabit PHY, rev. 0
     makphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseT, 1000baseT-FDX, auto
     clock: hz=100 stathz=0 profhz=0
     boot device: <unknown>
     root device:

   Installing the NetBSD System
     Installation for the Technologic Systems TS-7200

     The following steps describe how to set up a CompactFlash card for the
     TS-7200.  The TS-7200 can use the interactive installation program
     sysinst to perform an internet installation from ftp.netbsd.org on the
     CompactFlash.

     1.   Place the netbsd-TS7200_INSTALL.bin kernel into the TFTP server's
          download area.  It must be decompressed from the gzipped image in
          the release directory evbarm/installation/instkernel/netbsd-
          TS7200_INSTALL.srec.gz

                server# gunzip netbsd-TS7200_INSTALL.srec.gz
                server# cp netbsd-TS7200_INSTALL.srec
                /tftpboot/netbsd-TS7200_INSTALL

     2.   Load the kernel from the TFTP server.

          RedBoot> load netbsd-TS7200_INSTALL

     3.   Start the kernel running.

          RedBoot> go

          The kernel will display boot messages, probe for devices, and invoke
          the interactive sysinst installation tool.  Once sysinst has com-
          pleted installation, the system will reboot back into RedBoot.  If
          the preparation instructions above have been followed, the post-
          installation NetBSD kernel will be in the FIS ready to be jumped
          into.  You can have RedBoot automatically start NetBSD by putting
          the command go 0x60660000 into the RedBoot bootscript using the
          fconfig command.

     Installation for the Intel IQ80310

     The following steps describe how to set up an NFS root environment for
     the IQ80310 and how to boot the IQ80310.

     1.   Place the kernel into the TFTP server's download area.

          RedBoot only loads S-Records, so select a kernel with the ``.srec''
          filename suffix.  In this example, we will boot the kernel hard-
          wired to use the on-board Ethernet as the root device.

                server# cp netbsd-fxp0.srec /tftpboot/netbsd-iq80310-fxp0

     2.   Unpack the distribution sets into the target's root directory.

                server# cd /export/client/iq80310
                server# gzcat .../base.tgz | tar xvpf -
                server# gzcat .../etc.tgz | tar xvpf -
                [repeat for all sets you wish to unpack]

     3.   Load the kernel from the TFTP server.

          RedBoot> load netbsd-iq80310-fxp0
          Entry point: 0xa0200000, address range: 0xa0200000-0xa035e07c
          RedBoot>

     4.   Start the kernel running.  The kernel will display boot message,
          probe for devices, and mount the root file system.  If you used a
          kernel hard-wired to use the on-board Ethernet, it will attempt to
          mount the root file system automatically.  Otherwise, it will prompt
          for the root device to use.

          Since the system's run-time environment has not yet been configured,
          the system should boot into single-user mode.

          RedBoot> go

          NetBSD/evbarm (IQ80310) booting ...
          Resetting secondary PCI bus...
          initarm: Configuring system ...
          physmemory: 65536 pages at 0xa0000000 -> 0xafffffff
          init subsystems: stacks vectors undefined pmap irq done.
          [ using 155084 bytes of netbsd ELF symbol table ]
          Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
              The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.  All rights reserved.
          Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
              The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.

          NetBSD 1.5ZC (IQ80310) #20: Fri Mar 29 10:25:53 PST 2002
              root@tgm:/u1/netbsd/src/sys/arch/evbarm/compile/IQ80310
          total memory = 256 MB
          avail memory = 232 MB
          using 1228 buffers containing 13208 KB of memory
          mainbus0 (root)
          cpu0 at mainbus0: i80200 step A-0 (XScale core)
          cpu0: DC enabled IC enabled WB enabled LABT
          cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way Instruction cache
          cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way write-back-locking Data cache
          obio0 at mainbus0: board rev. F, CPLD rev. D, backplane present
          com0 at obio0 addr 0xfe810000: ns16550a, working fifo
          com0: console
          com1 at obio0 addr 0xfe800000: ns16550a, working fifo
          iopxs0 at mainbus0: i80312 Companion I/O, acting as PCI host
          iopxs0: configuring Secondary PCI bus
          pci0 at iopxs0 bus 1
          pci0: i/o space, memory space enabled
          ppb0 at pci0 dev 7 function 0: Digital Equipment DECchip 21154 PCI-PCI Bridge (rev. 0x05)
          pci1 at ppb0 bus 2
          pci1: i/o space, memory space enabled
          fxp0 at pci1 dev 0 function 0: i82559S Ethernet, rev 9
          fxp0: interrupting at iq80310 irq 1
          fxp0: Ethernet address 00:80:4d:46:0b:b9
          inphy0 at fxp0 phy 1: i82555 10/100 media interface, rev. 4
          inphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto
          clock: hz=100 stathz=0 profhz=0
          boot device: <unknown>
          root on fxp0
          nfs_boot: trying DHCP/BOOTP
          nfs_boot: DHCP next-server: 192.168.0.1
          nfs_boot: my_name=iq80310.lab.wasabisystems.com
          nfs_boot: my_domain=wasabisystems.com
          nfs_boot: my_addr=192.168.0.10
          nfs_boot: my_mask=255.255.255.0
          nfs_boot: gateway=192.168.0.254
          root on 192.168.0.1:/export/client/iq80310
          /etc/rc.conf is not configured.  Multiuser boot aborted.
          Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh:

     Installation for the Intel IQ80321

     The following steps describe how to set up an NFS root environment for
     the IQ80321 and how to boot the IQ80321.

     1.   Place the kernel into the TFTP server's download area.

          RedBoot only loads S-Records, so select a kernel with the ``.srec''
          filename suffix.  In this example, we will boot the kernel hard-
          wired to use the on-board Ethernet as the root device.

                server# cp netbsd-wm0.srec /tftpboot/netbsd-iq80321-wm0

     2.   Unpack the distribution sets into the target's root directory.

                server# cd /export/client/iq80321
                server# gzcat .../base.tgz | tar xvpf -
                server# gzcat .../etc.tgz | tar xvpf -
                [repeat for all sets you wish to unpack]

     3.   Load the kernel from the TFTP server.

          RedBoot> load netbsd-iq80321-wm0
          Entry point: 0x00200000, address range: 0x00200000-0x00396a40
          RedBoot>

     4.   Start the kernel running.  The kernel will display boot message,
          probe for devices, and mount the root file system.  If you used a
          kernel hard-wired to use the on-board Ethernet, it will attempt to
          mount the root file system automatically.  Otherwise, it will prompt
          for the root device to use.

          Since the system's run-time environment has not yet been configured,
          the system should boot into single-user mode.

          RedBoot> go

          NetBSD/evbarm (IQ80321) booting ...
          initarm: Configuring system ...
          physmemory: 32768 pages at 0xa0000000 -> 0xa7ffffff
          init subsystems: stacks vectors undefined pmap irq done.
          [ using 156468 bytes of netbsd ELF symbol table ]
          Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
              The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.  All rights reserved.
          Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
              The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.

          NetBSD 1.5ZC (IQ80321) #1: Thu Mar 28 18:20:34 PST 2002
              root@tgm:/u1/netbsd/src/sys/arch/evbarm/compile/IQ80321
          total memory = 128 MB
          avail memory = 113 MB
          using 1228 buffers containing 6656 KB of memory
          mainbus0 (root)
          cpu0 at mainbus0: i80321 step A-0 (XScale core)
          cpu0: DC enabled IC enabled WB enabled LABT
          cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way Instruction cache
          cpu0: 32KB/32B 32-way write-back-locking Data cache
          obio0 at mainbus0
          com0 at obio0 addr 0xfe800000: ns16550a, working fifo
          com0: console
          iopxs0 at mainbus0: i80321 I/O Processor, acting as PCI host
          iopxs0: configuring PCI bus
          pci0 at iopxs0 bus 0
          pci0: i/o space, memory space enabled, rd/line, rd/mult, wr/inv ok
          wm0 at pci0 dev 4 function 0: Intel i82544 1000BASE-T Ethernet, rev. 2
          wm0: interrupting at iop321 irq 27
          wm0: Ethernet address 00:07:e9:03:38:40
          makphy0 at wm0 phy 1: Marvell 88E1000 Gigabit PHY, rev. 0
          makphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseT, 1000baseT-FDX, auto
          clock: hz=100 stathz=0 profhz=0
          boot device: <unknown>
          root on wm0
          nfs_boot: trying DHCP/BOOTP
          nfs_boot: DHCP next-server: 192.168.0.1
          nfs_boot: my_name=iq80321.lab.wasabisystems.com
          nfs_boot: my_domain=wasabisystems.com
          nfs_boot: my_addr=192.168.0.11
          nfs_boot: my_mask=255.255.255.0
          nfs_boot: gateway=192.168.0.254
          root on 192.168.0.1:/export/client/iq80321
          /etc/rc.conf is not configured.  Multiuser boot aborted.
          Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh:

   Post installation steps
     Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you
     need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state.
     The most important steps are described below.

     1.   Configuring /etc/rc.conf

          If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration
          of /etc/rc.conf (sysinst usually will), the system will drop you
          into single user mode on first reboot with the message

                /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.

          and with the root file system (/) mounted read-only.  When the sys-
          tem asks you to choose a shell, simply press RETURN to get to a
          /bin/sh prompt.  If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with
          vt220 (or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type) and press
          RETURN.  You may need to type one of the following commands to get
          your delete key to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
                # stty erase '^h'
                # stty erase '^?'
          At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the /etc
          directory.  You will need to mount your root file system read/write
          with:
                # /sbin/mount -u -w /
          Change to the /etc directory and take a look at the /etc/rc.conf
          file.  Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set
          rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-
          user boot can proceed.  Default values for the various programs can
          be found in /etc/defaults/rc.conf, where some in-line documentation
          may be found.  More complete documentation can be found in
          rc.conf(5).

          When you have finished editing /etc/rc.conf, type exit at the prompt
          to leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user
          boot.

          Other values that may need to be set in /etc/rc.conf for a networked
          environment are hostname and possibly defaultroute.  You may also
          need to add an ifconfig_int for your <int> network interface, along
          the lines of

                ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.0.2.123 netmask 255.255.255.0"

          or, if you have myname.my.dom in /etc/hosts:

                ifconfig_fxp0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"

          To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an
          /etc/resolv.conf file or (if you are feeling a little more adventur-
          ous) run named(8).  See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more informa-
          tion.  Instead of manually configuring network and naming service,
          DHCP can be used by setting dhcpcd=YES in /etc/rc.conf.

          Other files in /etc that may require modification or setting up
          include /etc/mailer.conf, /etc/nsswitch.conf, and /etc/wscons.conf.

     2.   Logging in

          After reboot, you can log in as root at the login prompt.  Unless
          you've set a password in sysinst, there is no initial password.  You
          should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and
          the ``root'' account with good passwords.  By default, root login
          from the network is disabled (even via ssh(1)).  One way to become
          root over the network is to log in as a different user that belongs
          to group ``wheel'' (see group(5)) and use su(1) to become root.

     3.   Adding accounts

          Use the useradd(8) command to add accounts to your system.  Do not
          edit /etc/passwd directly! See vipw(8) and pwd_mkdb(8) if you want
          to edit the password database.

     4.   The X Window System

          If you installed the X Window System, you may want to read the chap-
          ter about X in the NetBSD Guide:
                http://netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-x.html

     5.   Installing third party packages

          If you wish to install any of the software freely available for
          UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD
          package system, pkgsrc.  pkgsrc automatically handles any changes
          necessary to make the software run on NetBSD.  This includes the
          retrieval and installation of any other packages on which the soft-
          ware may depend.

          o   More information on the package system is available at
                    http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/software/packages.html

          o   A list of available packages suitable for browsing is at
                    ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/README.html

          o   Precompiled binaries can be found at
                    ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/
              usually in the evbarm/6.99.23/All subdir.  If you installed
              pkgin(1) in the sysinst post-installation configuration menu,
              you can use it to automatically install binary packages over the
              network.  Assuming that /usr/pkg/etc/pkgin/repositories.conf is
              correctly configured, you can install them with the following
              commands:

              # pkgin install tcsh
              # pkgin install bash
              # pkgin install perl
              # pkgin install apache
              # pkgin install kde
              # pkgin install firefox
              ...

              Note:  Some mirror sites don't mirror the /pub/pkgsrc directory.

              The above commands will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again
              shells, the Perl programming language, Apache web server, KDE
              desktop environment and the Firefox web browser as well as all
              the packages they depend on.

          o   If you did not install it from the sysinst post-installation
              configuration menu, the pkgsrc(7) framework for compiling pack-
              ages can be obtained by retrieving the file
                    ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.tar.gz.
              It is typically extracted into /usr/pkgsrc (though other loca-
              tions work fine) with the commands:

                    # cd /usr
                    # tar -zxpf pkgsrc.tar.gz

              After extracting, see the doc/pkgsrc.txt file in the extraction
              directory (e.g., /usr/pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt) for more informa-
              tion.

     6.   Misc

          o   Edit /etc/mail/aliases to forward root mail to the right place.
              Don't forget to run newaliases(1) afterwards.

          o   The /etc/postfix/main.cf file will almost definitely need to be
              adjusted.  If you prefer a different MTA, then install it using
              pkgsrc or by hand and adjust /etc/mailer.conf.

          o   Edit /etc/rc.local to run any local daemons you use.

          o   Many of the /etc files are documented in section 5 of the man-
              ual; so just invoking

                    # man 5 filename

              is likely to give you more information on these files.

   Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System
     The easiest way to upgrade to NetBSD 6.99.23 is with binaries, and that
     is the method documented here.

     To do the upgrade, you must have one form of boot media available.  You
     must also have at least the base and kern binary distribution sets avail-
     able.  Finally, you must have sufficient disk space available to install
     the new binaries.  Since files already installed on the system are over-
     written in place, you only need additional free space for files which
     weren't previously installed or to account for growth of the sets between
     releases.  If you have a few megabytes free on each of your root (/) and
     /usr partitions, you should have enough space.

     Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel, boot blocks, and most of
     the system binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss.  You are
     strongly advised to back up any important data on the NetBSD partition or
     on another operating system's partition on your disk before beginning the
     upgrade process.

     The upgrade procedure is similar to an installation, but without the hard
     disk partitioning.  sysinst will attempt to merge the settings stored in
     your /etc directory with the new version of NetBSD.  Also, file systems
     are checked before unpacking the sets.  Fetching the binary sets is done
     in the same manner as the installation procedure; refer to the installa-
     tion part of the document for help.

     After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your machine is a
     complete NetBSD 6.99.23 system.  However, that doesn't mean that you're
     finished with the upgrade process.  You will probably want to update the
     set of device nodes you have in /dev.  If you've changed the contents of
     /dev by hand, you will need to be careful about this, but if not, you can
     just cd into /dev, and run the command:

           # sh MAKEDEV all

     Finally, you will want to delete old binaries that were part of the ver-
     sion of NetBSD that you upgraded from and have since been removed from
     the NetBSD distribution.

   Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases
     Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the
     following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to
     NetBSD 6.99.23.

     Note that sysinst will automatically invoke

           postinstall fix
     and thus all issues that are fixed by postinstall by default (see below)
     will be handled.

     Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 5.x releases

     The pthread libraries from previous versions of NetBSD require that the
     sysctl(3) node kern.no_sa_support be set to 0.  This affects the follow-
     ing environments:

     o   Running a 5.0 kernel with an older userland.

     o   Running an older userland inside a chroot'ed environment on a 5.0
         system.

     o   Running older statically linked pthread applications.

     The 5.0 kernel defaults to 0 for kern.no_sa_support, which covers the
     first case.  However, please note that a full installation of 5.0 (either
     from scratch or through an upgrade) will set kern.no_sa_support to 1 dur-
     ing the boot process.  This means that for the last two cases, you will
     have to manually set kern.no_sa_support to 0, using either the sysctl(8)
     command or through sysctl.conf(5).

     The implementation of SHA2-HMAC in KAME_IPSEC as used in NetBSD-5 and
     before did not comply to current standards.  FAST_IPSEC does, with the
     result that old and new systems cannot communicate over IPSEC, if one of
     the affected authentication algorithms (hmac_sha256, hmac_sha384,
     hmac_sha512) is used.

     Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 4.x releases

     The following issues can generally be resolved by running postinstall
     with the etc set:

           postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check
           postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix

     Issues fixed by postinstall:

           o   Various files in /etc need upgrading.  These include:
                     -   /etc/defaults/*
                     -   /etc/mtree/*
                     -   /etc/daily
                     -   /etc/weekly
                     -   /etc/monthly
                     -   /etc/security
                     -   /etc/rc.subr
                     -   /etc/rc
                     -   /etc/rc.shutdown
                     -   /etc/rc.d/*
                     -   /etc/envsys.conf

     The following issues need to be resolved manually:

           o   The users `_httpd' and `_timedc' and the groups `_httpd' and
               `_timedc' need to be created.

           o   Unprivileged use of the mount(8) command now requires the
               nosuid and nodev options to be explicitly specified.  Previ-
               ously, these options were automatically enforced even if they
               were not explicitly specified.

           o   A number of things have been removed from the NetBSD 6.99.23
               release.  See the "Components removed from NetBSD" section near
               the beginning of this document for a list.

   Using online NetBSD documentation
     Documentation is available if you installed the manual distribution set.
     Traditionally, the ``man pages'' (documentation) are denoted by
     `name(section)'.  Some examples of this are

           o   intro(1),
           o   man(1),
           o   apropos(1),
           o   passwd(1), and
           o   passwd(5).

     The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three
     are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are
     in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.

     The man command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is
     started by entering man [section] topic.  The brackets [] around the sec-
     tion should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is
     optional.  If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the
     lowest numbered section name will be displayed.  For instance, after log-
     ging in, enter

           # man passwd

     to read the documentation for passwd(1).  To view the documentation for
     passwd(5), enter

           # man 5 passwd

     instead.

     If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter

           # apropos subject-word

     where subject-word is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related
     man pages will be displayed.

   Administrivia
     If you've got something to say, do so!  We'd like your input.  There are
     various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at
     majordomo@NetBSD.org.  To get help on using the mailing list server, send
     mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instruc-
     tions.  See
           http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/
     for a web interface.

     There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and ques-
     tions about this release.  Please send comments to:
     netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org.

     To report bugs, use the send-pr(1) command shipped with NetBSD, and fill
     in as much information about the problem as you can.  Good bug reports
     include lots of details.

     Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at
           http://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html

     There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each
     port of NetBSD.  Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit
           http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/

     If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific
     port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed
     below).

     If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you
     could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: netbsd-users@NetBSD.org.

     As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing
     lists.  Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW
     somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather
     not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want
     it.

   Thanks go to
     o   The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, includ-
         ing (but not limited to):

               Keith Bostic
               Ralph Campbell
               Mike Karels
               Marshall Kirk McKusick

         for their work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement.

     o   The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the NetBSD FTP,
         CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers.

     o   The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server which
         runs the CVSweb interface to the NetBSD source tree.

     o   The Lulea Academic Computer Society for providing the backup services
         server.

     o   The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting the
         NYC build cluster.

     o   The Western Washington University Computer Science Department for
         running the WWU build cluster.

     o   The many organizations that provide NetBSD mirror sites.

     o   Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats
         go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people
         who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool.

     o   We list the individuals and organizations that have made donations or
         loans of hardware and/or money, to support NetBSD development, and
         deserve credit for it at
               http://www.NetBSD.org/donations/
         (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us!  We probably were
         not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be
         listed.)

     o   Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into
         developing NetBSD since its inception in January, 1993.  (Obviously,
         there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here.  If you're one
         of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!)

   We are...
     (in alphabetical order)

     The NetBSD core group:

            Alan Barrett                apb@NetBSD.org
            Alistair Crooks             agc@NetBSD.org
            Matthew Green               mrg@NetBSD.org
            Chuck Silvers               chs@NetBSD.org
            Matt Thomas                 matt@NetBSD.org
            YAMAMOTO Takashi            yamt@NetBSD.org
            Christos Zoulas             christos@NetBSD.org

     The portmasters (and their ports):
            Reinoud Zandijk             reinoud                  acorn32
            Matt Thomas                 matt                     alpha
            Ignatios Souvatzis          is                       amiga
            Ignatios Souvatzis          is                       amigappc
            Noriyuki Soda               soda                     arc
            Julian Coleman              jdc                      atari
            Matthias Drochner           drochner                 cesfic
            Erik Berls                  cyber                    cobalt
            Antti Kantee                pooka                    emips
            Simon Burge                 simonb                   evbmips
            Steve Woodford              scw                      evbppc
            Izumi Tsutsui               tsutsui                  ews4800mips
            Izumi Tsutsui               tsutsui                  hp300
            Nick Hudson                 skrll                    hp700
            Valeriy E. Ushakov          uwe                      hpcsh
            Matt Thomas                 matt                     ibmnws
            Gavan Fantom                gavan                    iyonix
            Valeriy E. Ushakov          uwe                      landisk
            Izumi Tsutsui               tsutsui                  luna68k
            Scott Reynolds              scottr                   mac68k
            Michael Lorenz              macallan                 macppc
            Steve Woodford              scw                      mvme68k
            Steve Woodford              scw                      mvmeppc
            Matt Thomas                 matt                     netwinder
            Izumi Tsutsui               tsutsui                  news68k
            Tim Rightnour               garbled                  ofppc
            Simon Burge                 simonb                   pmax
            Tim Rightnour               garbled                  prep
            Tim Rightnour               garbled                  rs6000
            Tohru Nishimura             nisimura                 sandpoint
            Simon Burge                 simonb                   sbmips
            Soren Jorvang               soren                    sgimips
            SAITOH Masanobu             msaitoh                  sh3
            Martin Husemann             martin                   sparc64
            Anders Magnusson            ragge                    vax
            NISHIMURA Takeshi           nsmrtks                  x68k
            Manuel Bouyer               bouyer                   xen

     The NetBSD 6.99.23 Release Engineering team:

            Stephen Borrill             sborrill@NetBSD.org
            Manuel Bouyer               bouyer@NetBSD.org
            David Brownlee              abs@NetBSD.org
            James Chacon                jmc@NetBSD.org
            Julian Coleman              jdc@NetBSD.org
            Alistair G. Crooks          agc@NetBSD.org
            Havard Eidnes               he@NetBSD.org
            John Heasley                heas@NetBSD.org
            Martin Husemann             martin@NetBSD.org
            Soren Jacobsen              snj@NetBSD.org
            Phil Nelson                 phil@NetBSD.org
            Jeremy C. Reed              reed@NetBSD.org
            Jeff Rizzo                  riz@NetBSD.org
            SAITOH Masanobu             msaitoh@NetBSD.org

     NetBSD Developers:

            Nathan Ahlstrom             nra@NetBSD.org
            Steve Allen                 wormey@NetBSD.org
            Jukka Andberg               jandberg@NetBSD.org
            Julian Assange              proff@NetBSD.org
            Lennart Augustsson          augustss@NetBSD.org
            Zafer Aydogan               zafer@NetBSD.org
            Christoph Badura            bad@NetBSD.org
            Marc Balmer                 mbalmer@NetBSD.org
            Bang Jun-Young              junyoung@NetBSD.org
            Dieter Baron                dillo@NetBSD.org
            Robert V. Baron             rvb@NetBSD.org
            Alan Barrett                apb@NetBSD.org
            Grant Beattie               grant@NetBSD.org
            Erik Berls                  cyber@NetBSD.org
            Hiroyuki Bessho             bsh@NetBSD.org
            John Birrell                jb@NetBSD.org
            Rafal Boni                  rafal@NetBSD.org
            Stephen Borrill             sborrill@NetBSD.org
            Sean Boudreau               seanb@NetBSD.org
            Manuel Bouyer               bouyer@NetBSD.org
            Allen Briggs                briggs@NetBSD.org
            Mark Brinicombe             mark@NetBSD.org
            Aaron Brown                 abrown@NetBSD.org
            Andrew Brown                atatat@NetBSD.org
            David Brownlee              abs@NetBSD.org
            Jon Buller                  jonb@NetBSD.org
            Simon Burge                 simonb@NetBSD.org
            Robert Byrnes               byrnes@NetBSD.org
            Pavel Cahyna                pavel@NetBSD.org
            D'Arcy J.M. Cain            darcy@NetBSD.org
            Taylor R. Campbell          riastradh@NetBSD.org
            Daniel Carosone             dan@NetBSD.org
            Dave Carrel                 carrel@NetBSD.org
            James Chacon                jmc@NetBSD.org
            Mihai Chelaru               kefren@NetBSD.org
            Aleksey Cheusov             cheusov@NetBSD.org
            Bill Coldwell               billc@NetBSD.org
            Julian Coleman              jdc@NetBSD.org
            Marcus Comstedt             marcus@NetBSD.org
            Jeremy Cooper               jeremy@NetBSD.org
            Thomas Cort                 tcort@NetBSD.org
            Chuck Cranor                chuck@NetBSD.org
            Alistair Crooks             agc@NetBSD.org
            Johan Danielsson            joda@NetBSD.org
            John Darrow                 jdarrow@NetBSD.org
            Jed Davis                   jld@NetBSD.org
            Matt DeBergalis             deberg@NetBSD.org
            Arnaud Degroote             degroote@NetBSD.org
            Rob Deker                   deker@NetBSD.org
            Chris G. Demetriou          cgd@NetBSD.org
            Tracy Di Marco White        gendalia@NetBSD.org
            Jaromir Dolecek             jdolecek@NetBSD.org
            Andy Doran                  ad@NetBSD.org
            Roland Dowdeswell           elric@NetBSD.org
            Steven Drake                sbd@NetBSD.org
            Emmanuel Dreyfus            manu@NetBSD.org
            Matthias Drochner           drochner@NetBSD.org
            Jun Ebihara                 jun@NetBSD.org
            Havard Eidnes               he@NetBSD.org
            Jaime A Fournier            ober@NetBSD.org
            Stoned Elipot               seb@NetBSD.org
            Michael van Elst            mlelstv@NetBSD.org
            Enami Tsugutomo             enami@NetBSD.org
            Bernd Ernesti               veego@NetBSD.org
            Erik Fair                   fair@NetBSD.org
            Gavan Fantom                gavan@NetBSD.org
            Hauke Fath                  hauke@NetBSD.org
            Hubert Feyrer               hubertf@NetBSD.org
            Jason R. Fink               jrf@NetBSD.org
            Matt J. Fleming             mjf@NetBSD.org
            Marty Fouts                 marty@NetBSD.org
            Liam J. Foy                 liamjfoy@NetBSD.org
            Matt Fredette               fredette@NetBSD.org
            Thorsten Frueauf            frueauf@NetBSD.org
            Castor Fu                   castor@NetBSD.org
            Hisashi Todd Fujinaka       htodd@NetBSD.org
            Makoto Fujiwara             mef@NetBSD.org
            Ichiro Fukuhara             ichiro@NetBSD.org
            Quentin Garnier             cube@NetBSD.org
            Thomas Gerner               thomas@NetBSD.org
            Simon J. Gerraty            sjg@NetBSD.org
            Justin Gibbs                gibbs@NetBSD.org
            Chris Gilbert               chris@NetBSD.org
            Eric Gillespie              epg@NetBSD.org
            Brian Ginsbach              ginsbach@NetBSD.org
            Oliver V. Gould             ver@NetBSD.org
            Paul Goyette                pgoyette@NetBSD.org
            Michael Graff               explorer@NetBSD.org
            Matthew Green               mrg@NetBSD.org
            Andreas Gustafsson          gson@NetBSD.org
            Ulrich Habel                rhaen@NetBSD.org
            Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino    itojun@NetBSD.org
            HAMAJIMA Katsuomi           hamajima@NetBSD.org
            Adam Hamsik                 haad@NetBSD.org
            Juergen Hannken-Illjes      hannken@NetBSD.org
            Charles M. Hannum           mycroft@NetBSD.org
            Yorick Hardy                yhardy@NetBSD.org
            Ben Harris                  bjh21@NetBSD.org
            Eric Haszlakiewicz          erh@NetBSD.org
            John Hawkinson              jhawk@NetBSD.org
            Emile Heitor                imil@NetBSD.org
            John Heasley                heas@NetBSD.org
            Lars Heidieker              para@NetBSD.org
            Geert Hendrickx             ghen@NetBSD.org
            Wen Heping                  wen@NetBSD.org
            Rene Hexel                  rh@NetBSD.org
            Iain Hibbert                plunky@NetBSD.org
            Kouichirou Hiratsuka        hira@NetBSD.org
            Michael L. Hitch            mhitch@NetBSD.org
            Adam Hoka                   ahoka@NetBSD.org
            Jachym Holecek              freza@NetBSD.org
            David A. Holland            dholland@NetBSD.org
            Christian E. Hopps          chopps@NetBSD.org
            Daniel Horecki              morr@NetBSD.org
            Ken Hornstein               kenh@NetBSD.org
            Marc Horowitz               marc@NetBSD.org
            Eduardo Horvath             eeh@NetBSD.org
            Nick Hudson                 skrll@NetBSD.org
            Shell Hung                  shell@NetBSD.org
            Darran Hunt                 darran@NetBSD.org
            Martin Husemann             martin@NetBSD.org
            Dean Huxley                 dean@NetBSD.org
            Love Hoernquist Astrand     lha@NetBSD.org
            Roland Illig                rillig@NetBSD.org
            Bernardo Innocenti          bernie@NetBSD.org
            Tetsuya Isaki               isaki@NetBSD.org
            ITOH Yasufumi               itohy@NetBSD.org
            IWAMOTO Toshihiro           toshii@NetBSD.org
            Matthew Jacob               mjacob@NetBSD.org
            Soren Jacobsen              snj@NetBSD.org
            Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj         lonhyn@NetBSD.org
            Darrin Jewell               dbj@NetBSD.org
            Nicolas Joly                njoly@NetBSD.org
            Soren Jorvang               soren@NetBSD.org
            Takahiro Kambe              taca@NetBSD.org
            Antti Kantee                pooka@NetBSD.org
            Frank Kardel                kardel@NetBSD.org
            KAWAMOTO Yosihisa           kawamoto@NetBSD.org
            Min Sik Kim                 minskim@NetBSD.org
            KIYOHARA Takashi            kiyohara@NetBSD.org
            Thomas Klausner             wiz@NetBSD.org
            Klaus Klein                 kleink@NetBSD.org
            John Klos                   jklos@NetBSD.org
            Wayne Knowles               wdk@NetBSD.org
            Takayoshi Kochi             kochi@NetBSD.org
            Mateusz Kocielski           shm@NetBSD.org
            Jonathan A. Kollasch        jakllsch@NetBSD.org
            Joseph Koshy                jkoshy@NetBSD.org
            Radoslaw Kujawa             rkujawa@NetBSD.org
            Jochen Kunz                 jkunz@NetBSD.org
            Martti Kuparinen            martti@NetBSD.org
            Arnaud Lacombe              alc@NetBSD.org
            Kevin Lahey                 kml@NetBSD.org
            David Laight                dsl@NetBSD.org
            Johnny C. Lam               jlam@NetBSD.org
            Guillaume Lasmayous         gls@NetBSD.org
            Martin J. Laubach           mjl@NetBSD.org
            Greg Lehey                  grog@NetBSD.org
            Ted Lemon                   mellon@NetBSD.org
            Christian Limpach           cl@NetBSD.org
            Frank van der Linden        fvdl@NetBSD.org
            Joel Lindholm               joel@NetBSD.org
            Tonnerre Lombard            tonnerre@NetBSD.org
            Mike Long                   mikel@NetBSD.org
            Sergio Lopez                slp@NetBSD.org
            Michael Lorenz              macallan@NetBSD.org
            Warner Losh                 imp@NetBSD.org
            Tomasz Luchowski            zuntum@NetBSD.org
            Federico Lupi               federico@NetBSD.org
            Palle Lyckegaard            palle@NetBSD.org
            Brett Lymn                  blymn@NetBSD.org
            MAEKAWA Masahide            gehenna@NetBSD.org
            Anders Magnusson            ragge@NetBSD.org
            John Marino                 marino@NetBSD.org
            Roy Marples                 roy@NetBSD.org
            Cherry G. Mathew            cherry@NetBSD.org
            David Maxwell               david@NetBSD.org
            Gregory McGarry             gmcgarry@NetBSD.org
            Dan McMahill                dmcmahill@NetBSD.org
            Jared D. McNeill            jmcneill@NetBSD.org
            Neil J. McRae               neil@NetBSD.org
            Julio M. Merino Vidal       jmmv@NetBSD.org
            Perry Metzger               perry@NetBSD.org
            Luke Mewburn                lukem@NetBSD.org
            Jean-Yves Migeon            jym@NetBSD.org
            Brook Milligan              brook@NetBSD.org
            Minoura Makoto              minoura@NetBSD.org
            Simas Mockevicius           symka@NetBSD.org
            der Mouse                   mouse@NetBSD.org
            Constantine A. Murenin      cnst@NetBSD.org
            Joseph Myers                jsm@NetBSD.org
            Tuomo Maekinen              tjam@NetBSD.org
            Zoltan Arnold NAGY          zoltan@NetBSD.org
            Ken Nakata                  kenn@NetBSD.org
            Takeshi Nakayama            nakayama@NetBSD.org
            Alexander Nasonov           alnsn@NetBSD.org
            Phil Nelson                 phil@NetBSD.org
            John Nemeth                 jnemeth@NetBSD.org
            NISHIMURA Takeshi           nsmrtks@NetBSD.org
            Tohru Nishimura             nisimura@NetBSD.org
            NONAKA Kimihiro             nonaka@NetBSD.org
            Takehiko NOZAKI             tnozaki@NetBSD.org
            Tobias Nygren               tnn@NetBSD.org
            OBATA Akio                  obache@NetBSD.org
            Jesse Off                   joff@NetBSD.org
            Tatoku Ogaito               tacha@NetBSD.org
            OKANO Takayoshi             kano@NetBSD.org
            Masaru Oki                  oki@NetBSD.org
            Ryo ONODERA                 ryoon@NetBSD.org
            Atsushi Onoe                onoe@NetBSD.org
            Greg Oster                  oster@NetBSD.org
            Jonathan Perkin             sketch@NetBSD.org
            Fredrik Pettai              pettai@NetBSD.org
            Herb Peyerl                 hpeyerl@NetBSD.org
            Matthias Pfaller            matthias@NetBSD.org
            Chris Pinnock               cjep@NetBSD.org
            Adrian Portelli             adrianp@NetBSD.org
            Pierre Pronchery            khorben@NetBSD.org
            Chris Provenzano            proven@NetBSD.org
            Mindaugas Rasiukevicius     rmind@NetBSD.org
            Michael Rauch               mrauch@NetBSD.org
            Marc Recht                  recht@NetBSD.org
            Darren Reed                 darrenr@NetBSD.org
            Jeremy C. Reed              reed@NetBSD.org
            Jens Rehsack                sno@NetBSD.org
            Antoine Reilles             tonio@NetBSD.org
            Tyler R. Retzlaff           rtr@NetBSD.org
            Scott Reynolds              scottr@NetBSD.org
            Tim Rightnour               garbled@NetBSD.org
            Jeff Rizzo                  riz@NetBSD.org
            Hans Rosenfeld              hans@NetBSD.org
            Steve Rumble                rumble@NetBSD.org
            Rumko                       rumko@NetBSD.org
            Jukka Ruohonen              jruoho@NetBSD.org
            Blair J. Sadewitz           bjs@NetBSD.org
            David Sainty                dsainty@NetBSD.org
            SAITOH Masanobu             msaitoh@NetBSD.org
            Kazuki Sakamoto             sakamoto@NetBSD.org
            Curt Sampson                cjs@NetBSD.org
            Wilfredo Sanchez            wsanchez@NetBSD.org
            Ty Sarna                    tsarna@NetBSD.org
            SATO Kazumi                 sato@NetBSD.org
            Jan Schaumann               jschauma@NetBSD.org
            Matthias Scheler            tron@NetBSD.org
            Silke Scheler               silke@NetBSD.org
            Karl Schilke (rAT)          rat@NetBSD.org
            Amitai Schlair              schmonz@NetBSD.org
            Konrad Schroder             perseant@NetBSD.org
            Georg Schwarz               schwarz@NetBSD.org
            Lubomir Sedlacik            salo@NetBSD.org
            Christopher SEKIYA          sekiya@NetBSD.org
            Reed Shadgett               dent@NetBSD.org
            John Shannon                shannonjr@NetBSD.org
            Tim Shepard                 shep@NetBSD.org
            Naoto Shimazaki             igy@NetBSD.org
            Ryo Shimizu                 ryo@NetBSD.org
            Takao Shinohara             shin@NetBSD.org
            Takuya SHIOZAKI             tshiozak@NetBSD.org
            Daniel Sieger               dsieger@NetBSD.org
            Chuck Silvers               chs@NetBSD.org
            Thor Lancelot Simon         tls@NetBSD.org
            Jeff Smith                  jeffs@NetBSD.org
            Noriyuki Soda               soda@NetBSD.org
            Wolfgang Solfrank           ws@NetBSD.org
            Joerg Sonnenberger          joerg@NetBSD.org
            Ignatios Souvatzis          is@NetBSD.org
            T K Spindler                dogcow@NetBSD.org
            Matthew Sporleder           mspo@NetBSD.org
            Bill Squier                 groo@NetBSD.org
            Adrian Steinmann            ast@NetBSD.org
            Bill Studenmund             wrstuden@NetBSD.org
            Kevin Sullivan              sullivan@NetBSD.org
            Kimmo Suominen              kim@NetBSD.org
            Gregoire Sutre              gsutre@NetBSD.org
            Sergey Svishchev            shattered@NetBSD.org
            Robert Swindells            rjs@NetBSD.org
            Shin Takemura               takemura@NetBSD.org
            TAMURA Kent                 kent@NetBSD.org
            Shin'ichiro TAYA            taya@NetBSD.org
            Hasso Tepper                hasso@NetBSD.org
            Matt Thomas                 matt@NetBSD.org
            Jason Thorpe                thorpej@NetBSD.org
            Christoph Toshok            toshok@NetBSD.org
            Tamas Toth                  ttoth@NetBSD.org
            Greg Troxel                 gdt@NetBSD.org
            Tsubai Masanari             tsubai@NetBSD.org
            Izumi Tsutsui               tsutsui@NetBSD.org
            UCHIYAMA Yasushi            uch@NetBSD.org
            Masao Uebayashi             uebayasi@NetBSD.org
            Shuichiro URATA             ur@NetBSD.org
            Valeriy E. Ushakov          uwe@NetBSD.org
            Todd Vierling               tv@NetBSD.org
            Aymeric Vincent             aymeric@NetBSD.org
            Paul Vixie                  vixie@NetBSD.org
            Mike M. Volokhov            mishka@NetBSD.org
            Krister Walfridsson         kristerw@NetBSD.org
            Mark Weinem                 weinem@NetBSD.org
            Lex Wennmacher              wennmach@NetBSD.org
            Leo Weppelman               leo@NetBSD.org
            Assar Westerlund            assar@NetBSD.org
            Frank Wille                 phx@NetBSD.org
            Nathan Williams             nathanw@NetBSD.org
            Rob Windsor                 windsor@NetBSD.org
            Jim Wise                    jwise@NetBSD.org
            Colin Wood                  ender@NetBSD.org
            Steve Woodford              scw@NetBSD.org
            YAMAMOTO Takashi            yamt@NetBSD.org
            Yuji Yamano                 yyamano@NetBSD.org
            David Young                 dyoung@NetBSD.org
            Arnaud Ysmal                stacktic@NetBSD.org
            Reinoud Zandijk             reinoud@NetBSD.org
            S.P.Zeidler                 spz@NetBSD.org
            Tim Zingelman               tez@NetBSD.org
            Christos Zoulas             christos@NetBSD.org


   Legal Mumbo-Jumbo
     All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trade-
     marks of their respective owners.

     The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the
     software that we have mentioned in this document:

     NetBSD is a registered trademark of The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by the University of California,
     Berkeley and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation.
     This product includes software developed by The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
     and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project.  See
     http://www.netbsd.org/ for information about NetBSD.
     This product includes software developed by Intel Corporation and its
     contributors.
     This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
     (eay@cryptsoft.com)
     This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
     (eay@mincom.oz.au)
     This product includes software designed by William Allen Simpson.
     This product includes software developed at Ludd, University of Lulea,
     Sweden and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed at Ludd, University of Lulea.
     This product includes software developed at the Information Technology
     Division, US Naval Research Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by David Jones and Gordon Ross
     This product includes software developed by Hellmuth Michaelis and Joerg
     Wunsch
     This product includes software developed by Internet Research Institute,
     Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman and Waldi
     Ravens.
     This product includes software developed by  Mika Kortelainen
     This product includes software developed by Aaron Brown and Harvard Uni-
     versity.
     This product includes software developed by Adam Ciarcinski for the
     NetBSD project.
     This product includes software developed by Adam Glass and Charles M.
     Hannum.
     This product includes software developed by Adam Glass.
     This product includes software developed by Advanced Risc Machines Ltd.
     This product includes software developed by Alex Zepeda, and Colin Wood
     for the NetBSD Projet.
     This product includes software developed by Alex Zepeda.
     This product includes software developed by Amancio Hasty and Roger
     Hardiman
     This product includes software developed by Berkeley Software Design,
     Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Bill Paul.
     This product includes software developed by Bodo Moeller.  (If available,
     substitute umlauted o for oe)
     This product includes software developed by Boris Popov.
     This product includes software developed by Brini.
     This product includes software developed by Bruce M. Simpson.
     This product includes software developed by Causality Limited.
     This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum.
     This product includes software developed by Charles M. Hannum, by the
     University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A.
     Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and by the University of California,
     Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Charles M. Hannum.
     This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps, Ezra
     Story, Kari Mettinen, Markus Wild, Lutz Vieweg and Michael Teske.
     This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps.
     This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou for
     the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou.
     This product includes software developed by Christos Zoulas.
     This product includes software developed by Chuck Silvers.
     This product includes software developed by Colin Wood for the NetBSD
     Project.
     This product includes software developed by Colin Wood.
     This product includes software developed by Daan Vreeken.
     This product includes software developed by Daishi Kato
     This product includes software developed by Daniel Widenfalk and Michael
     L. Hitch.
     This product includes software developed by Daniel Widenfalk for the
     NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Dean Huxley.
     This product includes software developed by Eric S. Hvozda.
     This product includes software developed by Eric S. Raymond
     This product includes software developed by Eric Young (eay@@min-
     com.oz.au)
     This product includes software developed by Eric Young (eay@crypt-
     soft.com)
     This product includes software developed by Eric Young (eay@mincom.oz.au)
     This product includes software developed by K. Kobayashi.
     This product includes software developed by K. Kobayashi and H.
     Shimokawa.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story and  by Kari Met-
     tinen.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by Kari Mettinen
     and by Bernd Ernesti.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by Kari Mettinen,
     Michael Teske and by Bernd Ernesti.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by Kari Mettinen,
     and Michael Teske.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story.
     This product includes software developed by Florian Stoehr.
     This product includes software developed by Frank van der Linden for the
     NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Gardner Buchanan.
     This product includes software developed by Garrett D'Amore.
     This product includes software developed by Gary Thomas.
     This product includes software developed by Gordon Ross
     This product includes software developed by Harvard University and its
     contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Harvard University.
     This product includes software developed by Henrik Vestergaard Draboel.
     This product includes software developed by Herb Peyerl.
     This product includes software developed by Hidetoshi Shimokawa.
     This product includes software developed by Ian W. Dall.
     This product includes software developed by Ignatios Souvatzis for the
     NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Internet Initiative Japan
     Inc.
     This product includes software developed by James R. Maynard III.
     This product includes software developed by Jason L. Wright
     This product includes software developed by Jason R. Thorpe for And Com-
     munications, http://www.and.com/
     This product includes software developed by Joachim Koenig-Baltes.
     This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for The NetBSD
     Project.
     This product includes software developed by Joerg Wunsch
     This product includes software developed by John Birrell.
     This product includes software developed by John P. Wittkoski.
     This product includes software developed by John Polstra.
     This product includes software developed by Jonathan R. Stone for the
     NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone and Jason R.
     Thorpe for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone.
     This product includes software developed by Julian Highfield.
     This product includes software developed by Kazuhisa Shimizu.
     This product includes software developed by Kazuki Sakamoto.
     This product includes software developed by Kenneth Stailey.
     This product includes software developed by Kiyoshi Ikehara.
     This product includes software developed by Klaus Burkert,by Bernd
     Ernesti, by Michael van Elst, and by the University of California, Berke-
     ley and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by LAN Media Corporation and its
     contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Lloyd Parkes.
     This product includes software developed by Lutz Vieweg.
     This product includes software developed by MINOURA Makoto, Takuya
     Harakawa.
     This product includes software developed by Marc Horowitz.
     This product includes software developed by Marcus Comstedt.
     This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe for the
     NetBSD project.
     This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe.
     This product includes software developed by Mark Tinguely and Jim Lowe
     This product includes software developed by Markus Wild.
     This product includes software developed by Masanobu Saitoh.
     This product includes software developed by Masaru Oki.
     This product includes software developed by Matthew Fredette.
     This product includes software developed by Michael Smith.
     This product includes software developed by Mike Pritchard.
     This product includes software developed by Mike Pritchard and contribu-
     tors.
     This product includes software developed by Minoura Makoto.
     This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.
     This product includes software developed by Niklas Hallqvist, Brandon
     Creighton and Job de Haas.
     This product includes software developed by Niklas Hallqvist.
     This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg.
     This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras.
     This product includes software developed by Per Fogelstrom
     This product includes software developed by Peter Galbavy.
     This product includes software developed by Phase One, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nelson.
     This product includes software developed by RiscBSD.
     This product includes software developed by Roar Thronaes.
     This product includes software developed by Rodney W. Grimes.
     This product includes software developed by Roger Hardiman
     This product includes software developed by Rolf Grossmann.
     This product includes software developed by Ross Harvey for the NetBSD
     Project.
     This product includes software developed by Ross Harvey.
     This product includes software developed by Scott Bartram.
     This product includes software developed by Scott Stevens.
     This product includes software developed by Shingo WATANABE.
     This product includes software developed by Softweyr LLC, the University
     of California, Berkeley, and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Stephan Thesing.
     This product includes software developed by Steven M. Bellovin.
     This product includes software developed by Takashi Hamada.
     This product includes software developed by Takumi Nakamura.
     This product includes software developed by Tatoku Ogaito for the NetBSD
     Project.
     This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert.
     This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH.
     This product includes software developed by Trimble Navigation, Ltd.
     This product includes software developed by WIDE Project and its contrib-
     utors.
     This product includes software developed by Waldi Ravens.
     This product includes software developed by Wasabi Systems for Zembu
     Labs, Inc. http://www.zembu.com/
     This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Wolfgang Solfrank.
     This product includes software developed by Yasushi Yamasaki.
     This product includes software developed by Yen Yen Lim and North Dakota
     State University.
     This product includes software developed by Zembu Labs, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by the Alice Group.
     This product includes software developed by the Center for Software Sci-
     ence at the University of Utah.
     This product includes software developed by the Charles D. Cranor, Wash-
     ington University, University of California, Berkeley and its contribu-
     tors.
     This product includes software developed by the Computer Systems Engi-
     neering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by the David Muir Sharnoff.
     This product includes software developed by the Harvard University and
     its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the Network Research Group at
     Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use
     in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)
     This product includes software developed by the PocketBSD project and its
     contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD kernel team
     This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD team.
     This product includes software developed by the SMCC Technology Develop-
     ment Group at Sun Microsystems, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by the University of California,
     Berkeley and its contributors, as well as the Trustees of Columbia Uni-
     versity.
     This product includes software developed by the University of California,
     Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the University of California,
     Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by the University of Illinois at
     Urbana and their contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the Urbana-Champaign Indepen-
     dent Media Center.
     This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and
     State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman.
     This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and
     State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman, by William F.  Jolitz,
     and by the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Labora-
     tory, and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD project
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Bernd
     Ernesti.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Christopher G. Demetriou.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Emmanuel Dreyfus.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Frank
     van der Linden
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Igna-
     tios Souvatzis.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jason
     R. Thorpe.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by John
     M. Vinopal.
     This product includes software developed by Kyma Systems.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Kyma
     Systems LLC.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Matthias Drochner.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Perry
     E. Metzger.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Scott
     Bartram and Frank van der Linden
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Alle-
     gro Networks, Inc., and Wasabi Systems, Inc.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Genetec Corporation.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Jonathan Stone.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Pier-
     mont Information Systems Inc.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by SUNET,
     Swedish University Computer Network.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
     Shigeyuki Fukushima.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Wasabi
     Systems, Inc.
     This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom
     Opsycon AB for RTMX Inc, North Carolina, USA.
     This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom.
     This software is a component of "386BSD" developed by William F. Jolitz,
     TeleMuse.
     This software was developed by Holger Veit and Brian Moore for use with
     "386BSD" and similar operating systems.  "Similar operating systems"
     includes mainly non-profit oriented systems for research and education,
     including but not restricted to "NetBSD", "FreeBSD", "Mach" (by CMU).
     This software includes software developed by the Computer Systems Labora-
     tory at the University of Utah.
     This product includes software developed by Computing Services at
     Carnegie Mellon University (http://www.cmu.edu/computing/).
     This product includes software developed by Marshall M. Midden.
     This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera Interna-
     tional, Inc.
     The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group,
     have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation.

     In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions
     of the system documentation.

     Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in
     NetBSD, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information
     Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group
     Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of
     Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.  In the
     event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and
     The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is
     the referee document.

     The original Standard can be obtained online at
     http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html.

     This notice shall appear on any product containing this material

     This product includes software developed by Advanced Risc Machines Ltd.
     This product includes software developed by Microsoft.
     This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD kernel team.
     This product includes software developed by Scott Stevens.

   The End
NetBSD                          August 17, 2012                         NetBSD